摘要
[目的]探索自我效能增强干预措施对高血压患者生活质量的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样的方法,选择上海市黄浦区4个街道中符合条件的高血压患者纳入研究。其中,2个街道作为A组,仅采取常规健康自我管理,包括定期测量血压、健康咨询、小组座谈会、健康报刊学习等;另2个街道作为B组常规健康自我管理基础上开展为期1年的自我效能增强干预,包括同伴教育、演讲比赛、健康计划书。通过基线调查和终点调查了解研究对象人口学特征、生活质量、自我效能水平、血压的变化。最终回收1 045份有效问卷,A组498份,B组547份。[结果]终期调查时,A组血压控制率为91.6%、B组血压控制率为95.6%,差异有统计学意义。两组研究对象自我效能水平均出现了一定程度的下降,但A组的下降幅度高于B组(A组为45.0%,B组为78.8%)。干预前后A组除生理职能得分提高(P<0.05)外,其他维度的得分均没有变化或降低;而B组在生理机能、生理职能及情感职能等得分均有提高(P<0.05)。A组研究对象认为自己一年来健康状况较差的比例有提高(P<0.05),而B组对象认为健康状况较差的比例有降低(P<0.05)。[结论]以社区为基础的自我效能增强干预措施能够有效减缓高血压患者生活质量的降低。
[Objective] To investigate effect of an intervention program using self-efficacy enhancing technique on the quality of life of patients with hypertension.[Methods] Eligible hypertensive patients from four communities in Huangpu District of Shanghai were recruited by cluster sampling. Two communities （Group A） adopted conventional health self-management, including regular blood pressure measurement, health consultant, group discussion, and reading health related newspaper and magazines. Another two communities （Group B） adopted additional self-efficacy intervention measures, such as peer education, speech contest, and health plans. Participants received baseline and endline surveys on demographic characteristics, quality of life, self-efficacy, and blood pressure. A total of 1 045 valid questionnaires were returned （n=498 in Group A; n=547 in group B）.[Results] In the endline survey, a difference was found in the hypertension control rate between Group A （91.6%） and Group B （95.6%）. The self-efficacy levels of Group A and Group B both showed a decline, but the decrease of Group A （45.0%） was steeper than that of Group B （78.8%）. After intervention, all scores of Group A were either not changed or decreased, except the role physical score which was higher than the baseline score （P 〈 0.05）, while Group B showed improvements in the scores of physiological function, role physical, and role emotion （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, more Group A participants believed that their health was poor over the past year （P 〈 0.05）, but the proportion in Group B was declined （P 〈 0.05）.[Conclusion] Community-based intervention program using self-efficacy enhancing technique can effectively slow down the decline of quality of life of hypertensive patients.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期431-435,共5页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
自我效能
高血压
生活质量
社区干预
self-efficacy
hypertension
quality of life
community intervention
