摘要
本文探讨现代汉语时体助词"了/着/过"的同形异质性,"了_1/了_2/着_1/过_(1-2)"属于较为典型的时体助词,而"了_3/了_4/着_2/着_3/过_3"是前者的同形异质语素。这些不同语素在共时句法分布、历时语法地位以及语法化程度三个方面具有显著差异。在汉语中性语境下的独立小句中,相对于时-体-情态三个范畴,已然/未然是一个更为显赫的范畴,时体助词主要表达已然范畴,未然范畴则主要由情态副词或情态助动词来表达。
From synchronic and diachronic approach, attempts to demonstrate that modern Chinese tense-aspect particles ＂le/zhe/guo＂ has the characteristic of homonymy. ＂le1/le2/zhe1/guo1-2＂ are relatively typical tense-aspect particles, while ＂le3/le4/zhe2/zhe3/guo3＂ belong to their homonyms. These morphemes differentiate in synchronic distribution, diachronic status and degree of grammaticalization. In Chinese decontextualized independent clauses, realis-irrealis category tends to be more mighty or prominent than tense-aspect-modality category. Tense-aspect particles serve to express realis meaning while modal adverbs/auxiliaries to express irrealis meaning.
出处
《汉语学习》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期22-32,共11页
Chinese Language Learning
基金
国家社科基金项目"平衡语种样本视阈下时-体范畴的类型与共性研究"(项目编号:15BYY174)资助
