摘要
景观格局及其变化的土壤侵蚀效应是土壤侵蚀研究的重要内容之一。本文基于GIS和RS技术,在对研究区土壤侵蚀等级进行分级的基础上,选取斑块分维数、最大斑块所占景观面积的比例指数和斑块所占景观面积指数,从垂直维度上对不同土壤侵蚀等级的景观空间格局进行定量化研究,探讨景观格局和水土流失过程之间的关系,以期为土壤侵蚀治理提供科学依据。研究表明:在垂直维度上,土壤侵蚀景观具有明显的分层特征,高程从低到高,侵蚀等级逐步增强,斑块分维数在低海拔和高海拔地区较低,斑块稳定性较好。由于人类活动影响,在中海拔地区,斑块分维数较高,斑块稳定性较差,出现连续的强烈侵蚀景观,景观组成以中度侵蚀和强烈侵蚀为主;在1000~1100高程带,人类活动减弱,出现侵蚀等级回降,过渡到以微度和轻度侵蚀为主的景观格局;在山顶部分,出现以微度、轻度、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀景观为主的两极分化的侵蚀分布,伴有连续大片的微度和轻度侵蚀景观,土壤侵蚀景观格局主要受自然环境的影响。
The soil erosion effect on landscape pattern and its variation is one of the important subjects in the research of soil erosion. This paper was based on GIS and RS technology and on the basis of classification of soil erosion grades. Patch fractal dimension, the largest patch index and area percentage index of landscape were selected to, study landscape spatial pattern with different soil erosion grades in vertical dimension. The relationship between landscape pattern and soil and water loss process was investigated in order to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control. The results showed that, in the vertical dimension range, the soil erosion landscape had obvious characteristics of stratification. Erosion level gradually enhanced from low altitude to high altitude. , The patch fractal dimension was low and the plaque was stable in low altitude and high altitude areas The patch fractal dimension was high in the middle elevation while the plaque was instable due to intensive human activities. Erosion level decreased during altitude between 1000 - 1100 m while human activity weakened. At the top of the mountains, slight, light, strong, and severe erosion landscape accounting for the majority of distribution accompanied by a large area of slight to mild erosion landscape. Soil erosion land- scape was mainly affected by the natural environment.
出处
《山地农业生物学报》
2017年第1期30-35,共6页
Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology
基金
贵州省科技计划课题(黔科合LH字[2014]7649号)
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2014]2070号)
贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字(2013)31号)
关键词
喀斯特山区
土壤侵蚀
垂直维度
景观格局指数
Karst mountain area, Soil erosion, Vertical dimension, Landscape pattern index
