摘要
目的根据监测系统分析浙江省衢州市水痘减毒活疫苗的免疫效果,为制定水痘防控策略提供依据。方法收集国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中报告的2005-2014年出生儿童的水痘病例,从浙江省免疫规划信息系统查找水痘疫苗接种信息,计算突破病例构成比,分析水痘疫苗免疫效果。结果 2005-2014年出生的水痘病例1 240例,突破病例323例,突破病例组的发病时间差长于无免疫史组,幼托儿童和学生是水痘突破病例的高发人群。6~岁组水痘突破病例发病风险最大,1~岁组发病风险最小,免疫接种后2~6年发病风险明显增加。衢州市水痘疫苗接种率为69.93%,2岁内接种率为63.02%,且呈逐年上升趋势。水痘疫苗的接种率与水痘的发病率之间呈负相关。结论接种水痘疫苗是预防控制水痘的有效措施,受到越来越多儿童家长的重视。接种1剂次水痘疫苗的保护效果有限,有必要开展2剂次水痘疫苗接种,建议开展入托儿童水痘疫苗加强免疫,两剂间隔2~3年。
Objective To analyze the immunization effect of varicella vaccine in Quzhou based on the national monitoring system and provide evidence for establishing the preventive strategies of varicella. Methods The varicella data among the children born in 2005 -2014 were collected from National Notifiable Disease Reporting System, the varieella vaccination data from Zhejiang Provincial Immunization Program Information Management System were collected and the proportion of break- through cases were calculated to analyze the vaccine effectiveness of varicella. Results 1240 children born in 2005 - 2014, there were 323 varieella break-through cases. The time of onset of the break-through case group was higher than that of the non immune group, and the young children and the students were the high risk group of varicella breakthrough cases. The group aged 6 years had the highest risk of varicella breakthrough cases and the risk of the disease was the lowest in 1 year group . The incidence of the group aged 2-6 was significantly increased after vaccinated with varieella vaccine. The varicella vaccination rate in Quzhou was 69.93% and the rate coverage within 2 years old was 63.02% ,the trend was increasing year by year. There was a negative correlation between the incidence of varicella and the rate of vaccination. Conclusion Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent and control varicella, which has been paid more and more attention by parents. It is necessary to carry out two doses of varieella vaccine for one dose of that with a limited effect. The immune for the preschool children should be strengthened with a interval of 2-3 years between the two doses of the vaccine.
作者
尹志英
方春福
来时明
钟建跃
龚晓英
方泉均
YIN Zhi-ying FANG Chun-fu LAI Shi-ming ZHONG Jian-yue GONG Xiao-ying FANG Quan-jun(Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, Chin)
出处
《中国公共卫生管理》
2017年第3期293-296,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Management
关键词
水痘减毒活疫苗
接种率
免疫效果
水痘突破病例
live attenuated vaccine against varicella
immunization coverage rate
immunization effect
varicella break-through case
