摘要
目的分析柳州市某高校一起结核病聚集性疫情的特点,为预防和控制学校结核病的发生和流行提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法进行三间分布描述,采用自行设计的调查问卷对密切接触者进行回顾性调查,运用结核菌素试验(PPD试验)以及影像学、实验室方法对密切接触者进行筛查和诊断。结果 8例结核病病例,男生5例、女生3例,年龄在20~22岁,集中在经济系(6/8)和南五宿舍(6/8),男生感染率、罹患率均高于女生;密切接触者中,PPD强阳性者无论男、女生锻炼频率均明显低于阴性者,且差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.54,P=0.21;χ~2=0.78,P=0.38);男生PPD强阳性者经常熬夜比例明显高于阴性者,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1.16,P=0.28);结核病防治核心知晓率偏低(47.39%);宿舍相对拥挤、卫生环境差、通风效果欠佳。结论传染源和传播途径的长期存在以及易感人群增多是校内肺结核聚集性疫情发生和流行的主要原因。应完善学校环境卫生,提高定点医院医务人员对学生结核病报病的主动性、及时性,有效提高学生体质,加强校内结核病疫情监控、报告及宣传教育等针对性防控措施能够较好地控制疫情。
Objective Analyze the characteristics of TB aggregation epidemic in a Liuzhou university,and provide a reference basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and prevalence of TB in school. Methods Adopt descriptive epidemiological method to describe three distribution（time,area and population）. Adopt the questionnaire designedfor retrospective investigation into close contacts,and use tuberculin test（PPD） and imaging method,laboratory method to screen and diagnose close contacts. Results 8 cases of TB patients,5 cases are male,3 cases female,aging from 20 to 22 years old,concentrating onthe department of economics（6/8） and the five southern dormitories（6/8） with boys infection andattack rates higher than girls; among the close contacts,both boys and girls with PPD strong positive exercise obviously lessfrequently than the negative,and there are statistical differences（χ~2= 1. 54,P = 0. 21; χ~2= 0. 78,P = 0. 38）. Strong positive PPD boys who often stay up late are notably higher than the negative with statistically significant differences（χ~2= 1. 16,P = 0. 28）; awareness rate in TB prevention and control is low（47. 39%）; with crowded dormitory and poor sanitation,ventilated effect is poor. Conclusion The source of infection,route of transmission of tuberculosis and susceptible populations increase existing for a long term,are the main reasons for the outbreak and epidemic of this campus aggregation. We should perfect the school environment,improve the fixed-point hospital medical staff＇ s initiative and timeliness to deal with student TB disease,effectively improve students＇ physique,and strengthen the campus tuberculosis epidemic monitoring. Targeted prevention and control measures such as making reports,propaganda forhealth education can well control the outbreak.
出处
《医学动物防制》
2017年第7期718-721,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
卫生部-法国梅里埃基金会第二轮结核病防治合作项目(卫国际欧美便函[2012]688号)
关键词
高校
结核病
聚集性疫情
处置
Universities
Tuberculosis（TB）
Aggregation epidemic
Disposal
