摘要
国家公园生态系统是地貌研究的重要组成部分,通过研究公园地理特征有助于进一步了解中南阿拉斯加的地貌特征。在梳理公园所受地质作用以及冰川作用等相关知识的前提下,对兰格尔-圣伊利亚斯国家公园自然地理特征进行了分析。指出:(1)兰格尔-圣伊利亚斯国家公园的地质状况极其复杂。它跨过了好几个气象区和好几条山脉,含有北美洲除格陵兰以外的最大的冰川。兰格尔-圣伊利亚斯国家公园有几条大断层穿过,如德奈利断层、图兹楚恩达断层、博德岭断层。兰格尔-圣伊利亚斯国家公园中各地质体之间的边界很明显,公园的绝大部分位于楚加奇地质体和兰格利亚地质的沉积岩之上。(2)这一地区早在1000万年前就已被冰川覆盖,公园里还有许多重要的冰川,如马拉斯皮纳冰川、肯尼科特冰川和鲁特冰川。(3)兰格尔-圣伊利亚斯国家公园存在两个气候区:公园的绝大部分区域属于极端的大陆性气候区,南部边缘属于山地海洋性气候区,夏季非常炎热(如果有太阳的话),而冬季非常寒冷。
The ecological system of National Park is the important part of landscape research. Studying the geographic characteristics of park can help further understand its landscape views. The paper analyzes the physical geographic characteristics of WrangelbSaint Elias National Park on the basis of combing the geologic forces and glacial forces which affect the park under the premise of knowledge. It points out： ① The park has an extremely complicated geologic situation. It crosses several climatic zones and mountains ranges and contains the largest glaciers in North America outside of Greenland. Several major faults pass through the park. For example, the Denali Fault, the Totschunda Fault and the Border Ranges Ranges Fault. The borders of the various terranes that make up the park are visible here. Most of the park lies on sedimentary rock of the Chugach and Wrangellian Terranes; ②There is evidence that this area was glaciated as early as 10 million years ago. There are many significant glaciers in the park. For example, Malaspina Glacier, Kennicott and Root Glaciers; ③Two climatic regions are present in Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park： the extreme continental climate of most of the park, and a mountainous maritime climate along its southern edge. There are very warm days in summer （if it＇s sunny） and extremely cold days in winter here.
基金
中科院寒旱所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE201310)
国家自然科学基金项目(1202171)
