摘要
为什么新文化运动将民主与科学作为现代化观念引入中国?如何认识民主与科学的内在联系?默顿关于科学规范的论述为我们提示了正确解读民主与科学关系的路径,也洞开了深入理解科学文化内涵的大门。科学追求真理,真理的客观性决定了科学活动的自主性和批评性,这种批评性首先来自于科学共同体内部专业的评价和检验,由此产生了科学共同体内部的民主性,民主的关键并非一人一票或少数服从多数,而在于对公理或正义法则的共同认知,以及对违背这些原则行为的共同批评。简言之,科学与民主的共同特征,就是崇尚真理面前人人平等这一朴素观念,这是人类社会由必然王国走向自由王国的必由之路,也是科学文化的应有之义。
Why does the Chinese new culture movement introduce democracy and science as a couple of modern concepts to China？ How to understand the inner link between democracy and science？ Mertonian norms about science indicate us a right path of interpretation to the relationship between democracy and science, which also opens a door to understand the connotation of scientific culture deeply. Science pursuit truth, that the objectivity of truth determines the autonomy and criticalness of scientific activities, which firstly came from the professional evaluation and examination within scientific community, thus leading to the democracy in scientific community, the key to democracy is not one person-one vote or minority-subordinate-to-majority, but is a common understanding of the axioms or rules of justice, as well as the common critics to the behavior of violation to these princi pies. In short, the common features of science and democracy, is advocating a simple idea that eve ryone is equal before the truth, which is the only way for human society to develop from an inevita hie kingdom to a free kingdom, which is also the meaning of scientific culture.
作者
徐飞
XU Fei(Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Science ＆ Technology of Chin)
出处
《科学与社会》
CSSCI
2017年第2期12-19,46,共9页
Science and Society
关键词
民主
科学
科学文化
democracy, science, scientific culture
