摘要
目的了解南平市实施食盐加碘新标准后重点人群碘营养水平，为南平市防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法按《福建省重点人群碘营养及相关健康状况监测方案》要求，2014年在南平市抽取延平、建瓯、政和、建阳、邵武县（市、区）作为监测点；2015年抽取浦城、松溪、武夷山、顺昌、光泽县（市、区）作为监测点。调查内容包括：①水碘：对集中式供水，采集2份末梢水水样；对分散式供水，按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位各采集2户居民饮用水水样．检测水碘含量。②盐碘：每个监测点抽取4个行政村（居委会），每个行政村（居委会）抽取15户居民，采集居民家中食盐盐样，检测盐碘含量。③尿碘：每个调查点抽取1所小学，每所小学抽取30-40名8-10岁学生，采集尿样，检测尿碘含量。④人均食盐摄入量：在采集尿样的8～10岁学生中，抽取10名学生采集家庭食用盐盐样：同时进行入户调查．用3日称量法测算人均食盐摄入量。⑤甲状腺肿大情况：2014年在建阳、邵武，2015年在光泽、顺昌，对采集尿样的8～10岁学生，采用B超法测量甲状腺容积，计算甲状腺肿大率。⑥孕妇尿碘：每个调查点抽取20名孕妇（早、中、晚孕期均衡），采集尿样，检测尿碘含量。结果2014、2015年分别检测生活饮用水水样61、50份，水碘中位数分别为1．5、5．7μg／L；居民食盐摄入量入户调查253、250户，人均食盐摄入量中位数分别为6．8、6．9g/d；居民户食用盐两年各检测1500份，碘盐覆盖率分别为99．7％（1496／1500）和99．9％（1498／1500），碘盐合格率分别为95．7％（1431／1496）和94．5％（1416／1498），合格碘盐食用率分别为95．4％（1431／1500）和94．4％（1416／1500）；检测8-10岁儿童尿样749和1000份，儿童尿碘中位数分别为190．1、210．4μg／L；检测8-10岁儿童甲状腺300、275人，8-10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为1.3％（4／300）和2．9％（8／275）；孕妇尿碘两年各检测500份，尿碘中位数分别为133．2、150．3μg／L，南平市10个县（市、区）中有7个县（市、区）孕妇尿碘中位数〈150斗∥L。结论南平市自然环境缺碘。实施食盐加碘新标准后，仍继续保持我国消除碘缺乏病标准，8-10岁儿童碘营养水平基本处于适宜水平，孕妇碘营养水平略显不足。
Objective To know the focus groups＂ iodine nutrition level after implementation of a new standard of salt iodization, and to provide technical support for iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） prevention in Nanping City. Methods According to the requirements of ＂Focus Groups＂ Iodine Nutrition and Related Health Monitoring Program in Fujian Province＂, Yanping, Jian＇ou, Zhenghe, Jianyang and Shaowu counties （cities, districts） were selected for monitoring in 2014; Pucheng, Songxi, Wuyishan, Shunchang and Guangze counties （cities, districts） were selected for monitoring in 2015. We studied： ①The water iodine： 2 tap water samples were collected from centralized water supply system; from decentralized water supply system, 2 residents drinking water samples were collected according to each of five directions of east, west, south, north, and center, for determination of water iodine content. ②Salt iodine： 4 administrative villages （neighborhood committees） were selected from each monitoring site, from which 15 households were selected, edible salt samples were collected, and salt iodine content was tested.③Urinary iodine： one primary school was selected from each monitoring site, 30 - 40 students aged from 8 - 10 years old were selected from each primary school, urine samples were collected for detecting urinary iodine. ④Salt intake per capita： among the 8 - 10 years old students whom had been collected urine samples, 10 students＂ family edible salt samples were collected, then the salt intake per capita was measured via 3-days weighing method. ⑤ Goiter： in Jianyang and Shaowu Cities in 2014, and in Guangze and Shunchang Cities in 2015, the thyroid volume was measured using ultrasound, and goiter rate was calculated of 8 - 10 years old students whom had been collected urine samples before. ⑥Pregnant women urinary iodine： 20 pregnant women （early, middle and late pregnancy were included） were selected in each monitoring site, urine samples were collected for detecting urinary iodine. Results Investigation results in 2014 and 2015 were as follows： 61 and 50 samples of daily drinking water of the two years were investigated, the medians of drinking water iodine were 1.5 and 5.7 μg/L for each group of samples, respectively; and daily salt intake of 253 and 250 residents of the two years were investigated, and the medians intake were 6.8 and 6.9 g/d, respectively; 1 500 and 1 500 residential edible salt samples in the two years were tested, iodized salt coverage rates were 99.7% （1 496/1 500） and 99.9% （1 498/1 500）, respectively, qualified rates of iodized salt were 95.7% （1 431/1 496） and 94.5% （1 416/1 498）, respectively, qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 95.4% （1 431/1 500） and 94.4% （1 416/1 500）, respectively; of which 749 and 1 000 8 - 10 years old children＇s urinary iodine were also tested, and children＇s urinary iodine medians were 190.1 and 210.4 μg/L, respectively; 300 and 275 thyroids of children aged from 8 to 10 were tested, and goiter rates （ultrasound method） were 1.3% （4/300） and 2.9% （8/275）, respectively; 500 and 500 pregnant women urinary iodine were tested in the two years, and pregnant women urinary iodine medians were 133.2 and 150.3 ~g/L, respectively, the pregnant women urinary iodine median of the Nanping City of 10 counties （cities, districts） and 7 counties （cities, districts） were less than 150 μg/L. Conclusions Nanping City＇s natural environment iodine is deficient. After the new standard of salt iodization, we can continue to promote the process of the standard of eliminating IDD in China, besides, 8 - 10 years old children＇s iodine nutrition is basically at the appropriate level, but the level of pregnant women has showed a slightly deficiency.
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期512-515,共4页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
基金
中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2014、2015）
关键词
碘
营养
尿
儿童
孕妇
Iodine
Nutrition
Urine
Child
Pregnant women
