摘要
目的了解山东省居民对药品"零差价"政策的知晓情况和满意度,旨在更全面地对药品"零差价"政策的实施效果进行评价。方法于2012年1月—2015年2月,采用方便抽样法,将山东省东、中、西部3个地区15个地级市的农村和城镇作为调查地区,选取在当地居住3年以上的成年居民为调查对象。采用自行设计的调查问卷进行调查。调查问卷的主要内容包括:居民的基本情况、居民对基本药物制度和药品"零差价"政策的知晓情况、居民就医行为的变化、居民对基本药物制度的态度和对药品"零差价"政策的满意度。共发放问卷280份,回收有效问卷269份,问卷的有效回收率为96.1%。结果居民对基本药物制度的知晓率为61.9%(166/268),对药品"零差价"政策的知晓率为49.4%(132/267)。不同学历、职业、个人年收入、参加医疗保险类别的居民对基本药物制度的知晓情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。药品"零差价"政策实施前、后买药地点比较,选择药店者分别占55.8%(150/269)、53.4%(143/268),原因为方便者分别占62.5%(168/269)、63.1%(169/268);药品"零差价"政策实施后,选择首诊地点为村卫生室者占53.0%(142/268)。86.1%(230/267)的居民认为基本药物种类基本能满足居民的用药需求,但有14.6%(39/267)、56.2%(150/267)的居民反映经常、偶尔遇到基层医疗卫生机构配不到药的情况。实施药品"零差价"前、后,认为药品费用为医疗费用中构成比最大项目的居民分别为42.4%(105/248)和21.9%(54/247),但认为总医疗费用降低者仅占32.2%(85/264)。在知晓药品"零差价"政策的132例居民中,分别有4.6%(6/132)、42.4%(56/132)对该政策很满意、比较满意。结论山东省居民对药品"零差价"政策的知晓度不高,知晓该政策的居民基本满意,但满意度仍有待进一步提高。
Objective To investigate the awareness and satisfaction related to zero-markup drug policy in Shandong residents,in order to provide a reference for comprehensively assessing the effect of implementation of zero-markup drug policy.Methods Using convenient sampling,the rural areas and towns in 15 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province were selected as the survey area,and 280 adult residents who had been living in the local area for more than 3 years were selected as the participants from January 2012 to February 2015.A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the participants,which involved the demographic data,awareness of the essential drug system and zero-markup drug policy,changes in healthcare-seeking behavior after the implementation of zero-markup drug policy,attitude toward the essential drug system and satisfaction with zero-markup drug policy.A total of 269 residents who responded the survey positively were selected as the final participants,accounting for 96.1% of the initial participants.Results In the participants,61.9%（166/268） were aware of the essential drug system,and 49.4%（132/267） were aware of the zero-markup drug policy.Educational attainment,occupation,annual personal income and type of health insurance were significantly associated with the differences in the status of awareness of the essential drug system（P〈0.05）.After the implementation of the zero-markup drug policy,less residents bought drugs at the drugstore [53.4%（143/268） vs 55.8%（150/269） ];more residents selected the place for buying drugs for convenience[63.1%（169/268） vs 62.5%（168/269） ];53.0%（142/268） sought first-contact services delivered in village clinics;86.1%（230/267） thought that the categories of essential drugs provided in grassroots medical institutions could basically satisfy their needs,but 14.6%（39/267） hold that they often could not buy the needed drugs,and 56.2%（150/267） considered that they occasionally could not buy the needed drugs;less residents thought drug expenses making up the largest percentage of the total medical expenses [21.9%（54/247） vs 42.4%（105/248） ];only 32.2%（85/264） thought the total medical expenses were reduced;among the 132 residents who were aware of the zero-markup drug policy,4.6%（6/132） were very satisfied,and 42.4%（56/132） were relatively satisfied with the effect of implementation of the policy.Conclusion The awareness rate of the zero-markup drug policy in Shandong residents is not satisfied.The residents who are aware of it are basically satisfied with its effect of implementation,but the satisfaction needs to be improved.
作者
于青
李刚
YU Qing LI Gang(School of Management, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, China Linyi People＇s Hospital, Dezhou 251500, China)
出处
《中国全科医学》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第19期2402-2406,共5页
Chinese General Practice
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(13YJA630115)
山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2011HZ106)
关键词
药品“零差价”政策
知晓
满意度
社区居民
Zero-markup drug policy
Awareness
Satisfaction
Community residents
