摘要
生活方式型旅游企业主移民是为了追求某种特定的生活方式,在目的地长时间居住,与周围群体发生交往。文章以大理古城生活方式型旅游企业主移民为研究对象,综合运用深度访谈、非参与式观察等方法,分析生活方式型旅游企业主移民的日常生活与社会交往。研究发现:生活方式型旅游企业主移民的日常活动主要分为三类:购物消费、朋友交往、休闲活动。生活方式型旅游企业主移民的社会交往"圈子"具有三大特征:(1)自发性和同质性;(2)随意性和非功利性;(3)交往空间的开放性与私密性。社会交往"圈子"对生活方式型旅游企业主移民的作用主要体现为:"圈子"是生活方式型旅游企业主移民的信息来源和资源支持,圈子交往为生活方式移民提供了情感支撑和归属感。该研究丰富了旅游移民的研究内容,并为旅游目的地移民政策的制定、社区管理与目的地可持续发展提供参考。
Various mobility patterns can be observed in recent China. In particular, tourism-led migration based on vocation, retirement and leisure has increased rapidly. In this context, lifestyle tourism entrepreneurial migrants can be defined as those who migrate to tourist destinations in the search for a particular type of lifestyle. Their migration motivations are similar to tourism consumption-oriented migrants. However, with fewer financial resources, they have to create incomes to sustain their new lives at the tourism destinations. Hence, running small tourism related businesses becomes a key choice for such migrants. These lifestyle entrepreneurs often have multiple roles, as tourists and locals. Although host-guest relationships have been the focus of extensive research, little work has been done on examining how this particular group of tourists manages to interact with others in the local environment. Thus, this research attempts to address this issue by examining the tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs in Dali, one of the earliest touristic towns in Yunnan Province, China. A qualitative method was adopted to inquiring into the phenomenon under consideration. The field work was carried out between July 2011 and Aug. 2012. Data were collected through the observation and in depth interviews. Fifty-four lifestyle entrepreneurs were interviewed. The study found that the daily activities of lifestyle tourism entrepreneurial migrants can be categorized into shopping, socializing with friends and participating in leisure activities. In particular, formulating a social friend circle is crucial for their continuing stay in Dali. There are three features of their social circles. Firstly, these are formed with spontaneity and homogeneity, and the circle comprises the outside entrepreneurs without any representation of the local residents. Yet, anyone can join the circle if he or she feels that shared beliefs and values with the others in the group exist. This social circle is described as ＂quanzi＂ in Chinese. Secondly, the interaction amongst those who are participants within the circles is very limited as to the leisure activities, which include dining together, playing cards, talking, performing and organizing parties. As such, the study did not find any formal business cooperation amongst these entrepreneurs. Thirdly, the traditional spatial layout of Dali comprises small lanes and the yards of households. These spaces are easily accessible, but the yards also enable some privacy. Thus the spaces of Dali enable these social circles to participate in their activities. Overall for lifestyle tourism entrepreneurial migrants, the main function of social circles is to circulate information and provide members with the emotional support as well as a sense of belonging. This research contributes to tourism literature by identifying ＂quanzi＂ as a major social interaction group for these tourism entrepreneurs. This circle provides a buffer for them to enact the roles of local residents and outsider tourists. The study also contributes insights of value to small businesses research. Finally, the study highlights the need for the local governments to provide more support to the tourism entrepreneurs by improving their social interactions in addition to offering them financial support.
作者
徐红罡
马少吟
姜辽
XU Honggang MA Shaoyin JIANG Liao(School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518053, China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第7期69-76,共8页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"旅游小企业创业的时空演变
影响因素及旅游目的地发展互动机制研究"(41371156)资助~~
关键词
生活方式型旅游企业主移民
日常生活
社会交往
圈子
大理古城
lifestyle tourism entrepreneurial migrants
daily life
social communication
social circles
Dali, China
