摘要
采用大棚盆栽试验,研究水分胁迫对优质籼稻川香29B近等基因导入系叶片光合速率、穗部性状、谷粒性状、产量及产量构成和水分利用效率的影响,并分析干旱胁迫下上述各项指标降幅与其抗旱能力的相关性,以期筛选出抗旱材料和耐旱鉴定指标。结果表明:秧苗返青至成熟期,随着水分胁迫程度加剧,供试材料叶片净光合速率、穗长、穗颈节长、谷粒长、有效穗、穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量、水分利用效率和抗旱指数均呈现降低趋势,关键生育期推迟;T1和T5处理中各供试材料的籽粒产量无显著差异;T2、T3和T4处理中,与其他材料相比,C2和C3的净光合速率、一次枝梗数、单株有效穗、穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、籽粒产量、收获指数和水分利用效率均较高;T3和T4处理中水稻抗旱指数与穗长和穗颈节长的降幅呈正相关,与单株有效穗、结实率、水分利用率的降幅呈显著负相关。C2和C3抗旱指数明显高于其他4个材料,且在水分胁迫下能保持较高产量。综上所述,筛选耐旱材料时,秧苗返青至成熟期水分胁迫程度控制为T3(0~30cm土壤水势-0.040^-0.045 Mpa)或T4(0~30 cm土壤水势-0.060^-0.065 Mpa),同时,单株有效穗、结实率和水分利用效率的降幅应作为首要鉴定指标。
By pot experiments in greenhouse,the change characteristics in photosynthetic physiology,spike traits,grain traits,yield and yield components,and water use efficiency of near isogenic introgression lines were investigated,the relationships among the decreasing range of these indexes and drought tolerance of rice were analyzed under different water stress conditions. It was benefit to find the drought resistant material and the drought resistance identi-fication index. The results showed that leaf net photosynthetic rate,spike length,neck-spike node,grain length,effective spike per plant,grain number per spike,seed setting rate,1 000-garin weight,water use efficiency and drought resistance index of all the materials were significantly decreased with the increasing of the degree of water stress from seedling to maturity. In treatments T1 and T5,there were no significantly differences in grain yield of these tested materials. In treatments T2,T3 and T4,comparing with other materials,net photosynthesis rate,number of primary branches per spike,effective spike per plant,grain number per spike,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight,grain yield,harvest index and water use efficiency of C2 and C3 were much higher. In treatments T3 and T4,the drought resistance index of near isogenic introgression lines was significantly positively correlated to decreasing range of spike length and neck-spike node,and negative correlated to decreasing range of effective spike per plant,seed setting rate and water use efficiency. In summary,the drought resistance ability of C2 and C3 were significantly higher than any of other materials,and the higher yield could also be maintained under water stress. In the treatment T3（ 0 ~ 30 cm soil water potential was-0. 040 ^-0. 045 Mpa） or T4（ 0 ~ 30 cm soil water potential was-0. 060 ^-0. 065 Mpa）,it was more accurate that the decreasing range of effective spike per plant,seed setting rate and water use efficiency were used as indicators for screening new material or combination with much stronger drought tolerance from seedling reviving to maturity.
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期864-873,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-01-08)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13-2)
省财政创新能力提升工程专项资金(2016GYSH-013)
关键词
水稻
近等位基因导入系
水分胁迫
净光合速率
水分利用效率
rice
near isogenic introgression lines
water stress
net photosynthesis rate
water use efficiency
