1Baratz ME, Des Jardins J, Anderson DD, et al. Displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius : the effect of fracture displacement in contact stresses in a cadaver model[J]. J Hand Surg ( Am ) , 1996 ; 21 ( 1 ) : 183.
2Dennison, DG. Open reduction and internal locked fixation of unstable distal ulna fractures with concomitant distal radius fracture[J].Hand Surg Am,2007 ;32(6) :801-5.
3Chung KC, Watt A J, Kotsis SV, et al. Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with the volar locking plating system [ J ]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) ,2006 ;88:2687.
4Yetkinler DN, Ladd AL, Poser RD, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of fixation of intra-articular fractures of the distal part of the radius in cadavera : Kirschner wires compared with calcium-phosphate bone cement[ J ]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1999;81 (3) :391-9.
5Lafontaine M,Hardy D,Delince P.Stability assessment of distal radius fractures.Injury,1989,20:208-210.
6Mackenney PJ,McQueen MM,Elton R.Prediction of instability in dis-tal radial fractures.J Bone Joint Surg[Am],2006,88-A:1944-1951.
7Hudak PL,Amadio PC,Bombardier C.Development of an upper ex-tremity outcome measure:the DASH(disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand).The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group(UECG).Am J Ind Med,1996,29:602-608.
8Kreder HJ,Agel J,McKee MD,et al.A randomized,controlled trial of distal radius fractures with metaphyseal displacement but without joint incongruity:closed reduction and casting versus closed reduction,spanning external fixation,and optional percutaneous K-wires.J Or-thop Trauma,2006,20:115-121.
9Barton T,Chambers C,Bannister G.A comparison between subjective outcome score and moderate radial shortening following a fractured distal radius in patients of mean age69years.J Hand Surg Eur Vol,2007,32:165-169.
10Hattori Y,Doi K,Estrella EP,et al.Arthroscopically assisted reduction with volar plating or external fixation for displaced intra-articular frac-tures of the distal radius in the elderly patients.Hand Surg,2007,12:1-12.