摘要
目的了解武陵山区土家族与苗族12~17岁农村儿童忽视状况及影响因素。方法按照多阶段分层整群随机抽样原则,于2014年11—12月从湘西土家族苗族自治州抽取4个县8所农村中学1974名学生,其中土家族1020人,苗族954人。采用"中国农村12~17岁中学生忽视评价常模"中的量表和方法进行问卷调查,通过忽视率和忽视度反映儿童受忽视的频度和强度,采用Logistic多因素回归分析方法分析影响忽视的相关因素。结果土家族与苗族12~17岁农村儿童总忽视率为67.83%(1339/1974),男生70.42%(631/896)高于女生65.68%(708/1078)(χ~2=5.053,P<0.05)。总忽视度为(54.96±10.31),12~14岁组儿童(55.45±9.51)高于15~17岁组(54.54±10.95)(t=1.980,P<0.05)。医疗层面忽视率、忽视度女生均高于男生(χ~2=10.233,P<0.01;t=2.139,P<0.05),教育层面忽视率、忽视度及安全层面忽视度男生均高于女生(χ~2=3.969,t=1.989,t=2.014,P<0.05);除教育忽视层面外,土家族与苗族农村儿童其余层面的忽视率、忽视度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);身体、医疗层面忽视率留守儿童均高于非留守儿童(χ~2=6.267,χ~2=4.040,P<0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生(OR=1.292,95%CI 1.062~1.573)、孩子与父母关系一般(OR=1.344和1.475,95%CI 1.009~1.791和1.063~2.046)、父母之间关系一般(OR=1.396,95%CI1.042~1.870)、在家无单独房间(OR=0.577,95%CI 0.464~0.719)的儿童更容易受到忽视。结论武陵山区土家族与苗族农村儿童忽视状况严重,影响儿童受忽视的主要因素为在家是否有单独房间、孩子与父母及父母之间关系。
Objective In order to have a basic understanding of the neglect condition of rural children aged 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area as well as its causes. Methods According to the principle of multistage stratified cluster samplingmethod,a total of 1974 students of eight middle schoolsfrom rural areas in four counties of Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi had been selected from November to December in 2014（ 1020 students from Tujia minority and 954 students from Miao minority）. In addition,by adopting themethod of ＂The Normal Value of Evaluation on the Neglect of Middle School Students from 12 to 17 Years Old in Rural China＂,the neglect rate and degree can reflect how often and how strong children in rural areas have been neglected. Also,relative factors of the neglect was analyzed by logistic multi-factor regression analysismethod. Results The total neglect rate of children in rural areas from 12 to 17 years old of Tujia and Miao minorities was 67. 83 %（ 1339/1974）. The proportion of male students which was 70. 42%（ 631/896） was higher than the female students counterpart,which was 65. 68%（ 708/1078）（ χ^2= 5. 053,P〈0. 05）. The total neglect degree was（ 54. 96 ± 10. 31）,and the degree of children between 12 and 14 years old（ 55. 45 ± 9. 51） was higher than that of children between 15 and 17 years old（ 54. 54 ± 10. 95）（ t = 1. 980,P〈0. 05）. The neglect rate and degree in medication for female students were higher than male students（ χ^2= 10. 233,P〈0. 01,t =2. 139,P〈0. 05）,while the neglect rate and degree in education and the neglect degree in security male students had a higher rate and a more severe degree than female students（ χ^2= 3. 969,t = 1. 989,t = 2. 014,P〈0. 05）. In addition to the neglect of education,the neglect rate and degree of other aspects for children of Tujia and Miao minorities in rural areas had statistical significance（ P〈0. 05）. The neglect rate of left-behind children was higher than that of un-left-behind children in physical and medical aspects（ χ^2= 6. 267,χ^2= 4. 040,P〈0. 05）. As theresult of logistic multi-factor regression analysis showed,male students（ OR = 1. 292,95% CI 1. 062-1. 573）,children who have less intimate relationship with parents（ OR = 1. 344,95% CI 1. 009-1. 791,OR = 1. 475,95% CI 1. 063-2. 046）,whose parents do not share a close relationship（ OR = 1. 396,95% CI 1. 042-1. 870）,those without a single room（ OR = 0. 577,95% CI 0. 464-0. 719） were more likely to be neglected. Conclusion Children of Tujia and Miao minorities in Wuling mountainous area are under a serious neglecting state,and the main influencing factors are whether children have single rooms,the relationship between children and parents and the relationship between parents.
出处
《卫生研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期595-601,共7页
Journal of Hygiene Research
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(No.14YJC880108)
湖南省教育科学"十二五"规划课题(No.XJK014BTW016)
吉首大学人文社会科学研究项目(No.16SKA024)
关键词
武陵山区
土家族
苗族
儿童忽视
因素分析
Wuling mountain area
Tujia minority
Miao minority
child neglect
factor analysis
