摘要
目的系统评价2010~2016年中国儿童疾病构成情况,为制定我国儿童基本药物目录提供参考。方法计算机检索Pub Med、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、CBM、CNKI、VIP和Wan Fang Data数据库,搜集中国各地区儿童疾病构成相关研究,检索时限均从2010年1月至2016年2月。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,进行描述性系统评价。结果共纳入33个研究,门诊、急诊和住院患者合计1 797 696例,年龄为0~18岁,覆盖中国17个省份。住院新生儿主要单病种为新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿肺炎和早产儿;住院儿童主要单病种为肺炎、上呼吸道感染和肿瘤;门诊儿童主要单病种为上呼吸道感染、支气管肺炎、支气管炎和婴幼儿腹泻;急诊儿童主要单病种为上呼吸道感染、抽搐待查和肺炎。医疗机构疾病构成:三级和二级医疗机构新生儿主要单病种包括新生儿病理性黄疸、新生儿窒息和新生儿肺炎;三级和二级医疗机构儿童主要单病种包含肺炎、上呼吸道感染和支气管炎;一级医疗机构儿童主要单病种还包含消化不良和不明原因发热。不同地区疾病构成:沿海地区新生儿主要单病种分别为新生儿病理性黄疸、新生儿肺炎和新生儿高胆红素血症;内陆地区主要为新生儿肺炎、新生儿高胆红素血症和早产儿;边远地区主要为新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿肺炎和新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病。沿海地区儿童主要单病种为肺炎、支气管炎和早产儿;内陆地区主要为肺炎、支气管炎和手足口病;边远地区主要为上呼吸道感染、支气管肺炎和支气管炎。结论不同等级医疗机构儿童疾病构成差异大,现极缺基层医疗机构数据,建议开展研究调查基层医疗机构儿童疾病构成,为儿童基本药物目录提供依据。不同地区医疗机构儿童疾病构成差别大,各地应根据本地情况,适量增补儿童基本药物。新生儿作为儿童的特殊群体,在制定儿童基本药物目录时应单独考虑。
Objective To systematically review the diseases constitution of children in Chinese medical institutions from 2010 to 2016, and to provide evidence for establishing essential medicine list for children （EMLc） of China. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from January 2010 to February 2016 to collect studies about diseases constitution of Chinese children. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk bias of included studies, then data was descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 33 studies of diseases constitution were included, involving 1 797 696 children among 0 to 18 years from 17 provinces of China. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and premature were the main diseases of inpatient newborns. The main diseases of children hospitalized were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and tumor. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and diarrhea were the main diseases of outpatients. Hyperspasmia, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia were the main diseases ofemergency patients. Diseases constitution of different medical institution： the main diseases were pathological jaundice, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal pneumonia in both tertiary and secondary medical institution in the newborn group. In the children group, the main diseases were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis in both tertiary and secondary medical institution. Besides these diseases, indigestion and fever of unknown origin were also the main diseases of primary medical institution. Disease constitution of different areas： in the newborn group, pathological jaundice, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the main diseases in coastal areas. Neonatal pneumonia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and premature were the main diseases in inland areas. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were the main diseases in remote areas. In children group, pneumonia, bronchitis and premature were the main diseases in coastal areas. Pneumonia, bronchitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases in inland areas. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia and bronchitis were the main diseases in remote areas. Conclusion Diseases constitutions of children vary in different medical institution, and because of extreme lack of date from primary medical institution, we suggest to carry out investigation in primary medical institution to provide evidence for EMLc. Diseases constitutions of children vary in different area, additions should be made according to local conditions when essential drugs of children selected. Newborn, as a special group of children, should be considered separately when EMLc of China established.
出处
《中国循证医学杂志》
CSCD
2017年第8期973-982,共10页
Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:81373381)
关键词
儿童
新生儿
疾病构成
系统评价
儿童基本药物目录
疾病负担
Children
Newborn
Diseases constitution
Systematic review
Essential medicine list for children
Disease burden
