摘要
为明确华北地区不同小麦品种在正常和缺水条件下N、P、K的吸收利用特点,进一步实现资源高效利用,选用3个不同生态类型品种(沧麦6001、邯麦9、济麦22),设置相对含水量分别为60%~80%(正常)和40%~60%(亏缺)两个浇灌水平,进行人工气候室箱体栽培试验,测定各小麦品种不同器官N、P、K含量和分配、干物质积累以及对籽粒产量构成要素的影响。结果表明,N、P、K含量和分配具有明显的器官特性,其中籽粒N和P含量显著高于其他部位,K含量最低。水分亏缺限制了沧麦6001籽粒N和K的吸收,同时促进了N和P向籽粒的转运;限制了邯麦9茎秆K的吸收,促进了P向颖壳的转运;限制了济麦22叶片、籽粒P的吸收,同时促进了N向颖壳和籽粒的转运,从而改变了小麦不同部位养分比例平衡以及干物质积累。N、P含量与干物质积累呈显著正相关,K含量与其呈显著负相关,但均未直接影响产量及其构成要素。亏缺灌溉下(亏缺量为24.39mm),邯麦9穗数、产量及济麦22穗数显著降低,而沧麦6001穗数、穗粒数和产量显著提高。因此,适度控制水分并提高营养元素向籽粒的转运效率是提高小麦产量和品质的重要途径。
The objective of this study was to clarify the absorption,utilization and distribution charac- teristics of nutrients for improving resource use efficiency under water saving irrigation conditions. The artificial climate chamber experiment was conducted in Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding in 2015--2016. Three wheat varieties including Cangmai 6001, Hanmai 9,and Jimai 22 were selected as experiment materials. Two irrigation levels were set including normal condition （60 %- 80 % relative water content） and deficit condition （40%--60% relative water content）. Plant samples were collected at mature stage and used to measure the content and distribution of nitrogen （N） ,phosphorus （P） ,and potassium （K） in different organs,to determine the effect of elements on yield and the correlation be- tween both under two irrigation conditions. Results showed that it was organ-specific for content of N, P,and K in wheat plants. In grain,both contents of N and P were the highest,and K content was the lowest. Water deficit limited the absorption of N and P by grain,but promoted translocation of N and P to grain in Cangmai 6001. Water deficit limited absorption of K by stem,but promoted translocation of P to glume. Water deficit limited absorption of P by leaf and grain,but promoted translocation of N to glume and grain in Jimai 22. Thus, elements absorption equilibration and dry matter accumulation in different organs were changed. The correlation analysis showed N and P content was significantly posi- tively correlated with dry matter accumulation,but K content was negatively correlated with dry mat- ter accumulation. But N,P,and K content and dry matter accumulation did not influence on yield and yield components directly. Under water deficit condition （with a water reduction of 24.139 mm）, spike number and yield of Hanmai 9, and spike number of Jimai 22 were decreased significantly, but spike number, kernels per spike and yield of Cangmai 6001 were increased significantly. Thus, an important rule to increase wheat yield and quality is controlling irrigation moderately and increasing nutrient transport efficiency.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期1056-1064,共9页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-2-3)
关键词
小麦
水分亏缺
N
P
K分布
产量
Wheat
Water deficit
Distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Yield
