摘要
观察比较了9个温度梯度(13、15、17、19、21、23、25、27、29℃)对七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)受精卵孵化时间、孵化率和畸形率的影响。用在(21±0.5)℃条件下孵出的健康仔鱼进行耐饥饿和摄食实验,实验温度处理设两种方式:一、处理温度始终保持不变;二、将温度在处理48 h后统一调节至21℃。实验期间,每天统计仔鱼死亡数,测定不投饵条件下的存活指数(SAI),并观察仔鱼投饵后的开口摄食情况及其形态发育状况。结果表明:1)受精卵孵化的最适温度范围为17~23℃,当温度低于13℃或高于27℃时,受精卵不能孵化。21℃时,受精卵孵化率最高,为(93.67±1.52)%;而畸形率最低,为(1.06±1.06)%。当温度低于或高于21℃时其孵化率降低,而畸形率升高;2)在13~28℃范围内,初孵仔鱼的SAI值随着温度的上升先升高后逐渐降低,21℃时的SAI值最高,为(20.26±0.44)%。各组温度保持不变时,13℃和27℃的SAI值分别为(2.18±0.01)%、(8.47±0.28)%;调整一致后分别为(6.90±0.44)%、(13.30±0.31)%。温度调节组与不调节组相比,其SAI值明显提高。温度调节后,每个梯度组的畸形率也出现了不同程度的降低;3)不同温度处理的仔鱼开口摄食存在差异。21℃时,仔鱼的初始摄食率和饱食率分别可达80.0%和40.0%。随着温度偏离21℃,摄食率和饱食率均逐渐降低。温度调节恢复组的仔鱼摄食情况改善明显,其中17℃不变和恢复组对比变化最为明显:当保持17℃不变时仔鱼的摄食率和饱食率分别为20.0%、13.3%,而处理48 h后恢复到21℃后,两者分别提高到66.7%和33.3%,分别提高了2.3和1.5倍。
The effects of temperature（ 13 ℃,15 ℃,17 ℃,19 ℃,21 ℃,23 ℃,25 ℃,27 ℃） on the hatching periods,the hatchability and the deformity rates were successively observed in fertilized eggs of Epinephelus septemfasciatus.To determine the survival activity index（ SAI）,morphological development of larvae and opening feeding after bait casting,starvation endurance and feeding experiment were carried out on the healthy hatched larvae of Epinephelus septemfasciatus at the temperature of（ 21 ± 0.5） ℃,and the temperature gradients（ 13 ℃,15 ℃,17 ℃,19 ℃,21 ℃,23 ℃,25 ℃,27 ℃） of experiment were dealed with two groups： one group maintained the original temperature,the other group restored temperature to 21 ℃ every other two days.The results showed that ： 1） Temperature from 17 ℃ to 23 ℃ was suitable for the hatching of fertilized eggs,and they could not be hatched at other temperatures.When the temperature was 21 ℃,the highest hatchability occurred at 93.67 ± 1.52%,while the lowest deformity rate occurred at1.06 ± 1.06%.When the temperature was lower or higher than 21 ℃,the lower or the higher the temperature,the lower hatching rate and the higher deformity rate occurred.2） The SAI values of newly hatched larvae firstly increased followed by a decline with the changes of temperature.The SAI value at 21 ℃was the highest（ 20.26 ± 0.44%）.In unregulated groups,the SAI values at temperature 13 ℃ and 27 ℃were（ 2.18 ± 0.01） % and（ 8.47 ± 0.28） % respectively.Compared to the unregulated groups,the SAI values（（ 6.90 ± 0.44） % and（ 13.30 ± 0.31） %） enhanced significantly after temperature restoring to 21℃（ P〈0.05）,while the deformity rates in different temperature gradient groups also decreased to different extents.3） There were some differences in feeding of hatching larvae between different temperature groups.The initial feeding rate and satiation rate of the larvae could reach 80.0% and 40.0%,respectively at 21 ℃,but both of them declined gradually with temperature changing.In the same way,these feeding condition could be obviously improved through the temperature adjustment,for example,when temperature maintained at 17 ℃,the feeding rate and satiation rate of the larvae were 20.0% and 13.3%,respectively.However,the rates rose to 66.7% and 33.3%,respectively after the temperature restoring to 21 ℃.
作者
刘莉
陈超
孔祥迪
李炎璐
于欢欢
翟介明
庞尊方
LIU Li CHEN Chao KONG Xiang-di LI Yan-lu YU Huan-huan ZHAI Jie-ming PANG Zun-fang(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences ,Shandong Qingdao 266071, China College of Fisheries and Science of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China Laizhou Mingbo Fisheries Limited Company, Shandong Yantai 261418, China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期443-453,共11页
Marine Fisheries
基金
科技部国际合作项目(2012DFA30360)
关键词
七带石斑鱼
温度变化
早期发育
开口摄食
Epinephelus septemfasciatus
temperature changing
early development
initial feeding
