摘要
通过燃烧的香所产生的烟气驱动小白鼠在恐慌条件下逃生,研究了群集效应下出口位置对恐慌疏散效率的影响。试验采用90只雌性小白鼠。出口宽2 cm,设置位于中间、靠近边界一侧、距离边界一侧2 cm、距离边界一侧10 cm和距离边界一侧20 cm 5种工况。每种工况试验前,首先对小白鼠进行逃生训练,使其熟悉出口位置。然后对每种工况进行若干次试验,分别记录每只小白鼠通过出口的时间。结果表明,出口位置对恐慌条件下的疏散效率有明显影响,边界出口效率明显高于中间出口,最优的出口位置是距离边界一侧2 cm处。
Through the mice escape experiemnt under the panic conditions driven by the smoke produced by the burning joss sticks,the paper intends to trace the impact of the exit position layout on the escape effectiveness with 90 female mice being used in the said experiment. What is necessary to be added is that,the width of the exit has been laid out in a fixed 2 cm,where the exit has been laid in the five points,respectively,i. e.,in the entral section of the wall,adjacent to the side wall,2 cm away from the side wall,10 cm away from the side wall and 20 cm away from the same side of the wall. For the each spot,the mice have been trained to be made familiar with before the formal experiments.On the whole,we have laid out 8 repeated tests under each scenario. To make the experiment series more effective and purposeful,we have the processes managed to keep the recordings by using a video recorder so as to make the analysis as much precise as possible. Thus,the results of the experiment series demonstrate that the mice escaped from the middle exit at about 373,whereas there were 266 reduced when the exit was removed closer to the side wall. And,next,about 40% of the escape time was reduced by when the exit position was moved 2 cm away from the side wall. After this,the escape time has been reduced to 229 s,at about 60% less than when the exit was assigned in the centeral part of the wall. Furthermore,the escaping times have been found increased by 268 s and 302 s,respectively,when the exits were put at 10 cm and 20 cm away from the side wall. Thus,it has been found that the location or position of the exit choice is supposed to have a significant impact on the efficiency or effectiveness of the mice escape with the exit corner being obviously higher than that of the central exit. Based on the aftermath analysis of the movement direction and efficiency of the mice,the minimalist escape probability has been deduced with the exit at 2 cm away from the side wall. As to the ethical constraints,some scholars have once done the similar experiments with ants as a panic evacuation object. The ants as a species of minimal creature known for their group cooperation extinct attributes reveal selfish behavior like human beings,totally different from that old mice.Therefore,the given experimental study with mice indicates that the mice is a subject which is similar to the human beings. Thus,the experiment conclusion can be taken as being more accurate and reliable,which has pioneered the use of mice to experiment with the escape inclinations. It can be regarded as a strong innovation and reasonable experiment. The empirical data from the biological organisms can be expected to play a highly essential role for the development of the pedestrian traffic models.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期1381-1386,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71473207)
