摘要
学界对汉语中有无限定与非限定小句之分进行了讨论,然而一直以来并没有形成较为广泛的共识。本文从系统功能语法角度对此进行探讨,依据限定性与非限定性的本质区别——是否表示以言语者的"现在"为中心的时间指示意义,即是否表示首要时态意义,指出汉语中也存在限定与非限定小句之分。文章将汉语限定小句界定为"能够通过语法化、准语法化、词汇化或零标记手段体现首要时态或首要-次要时态的小句";将汉语非限定小句界定为两类:一类为"句法上处于从属地位,本身没有任何时态标记,其时态意义的解读依赖于级阶小句时态"的小句;一类为"句法上处于从属地位,本身具有标记次要时态意义的手段,不过其完整的时态意义解读仍然依赖于级阶小句时态"的小句。
In the Chinese linguistics field, no general consensus has been reached on the issue of whether or not Chinese clau- ses can be classified into finite and nonfinite. Within the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar, it is argued in this paper that according to the essential difference between finite and nonfinite clauses, i.e. whether or not a clause expresses a primary tense, Chinese clauses fall into finite and nonfinite categories. The finite clause in Chinese refers to ＂the clause which could indicate a primary or a primary-secondary tense realized by grammatical, quasi-grammatical, lexical resources or unmarked re- sources＂. The nonfinite clauses in Chinese fall into two types： one referring to ＂the embedded clause the interpretation of whose tense relies on the tense of the ranking clause, owing to the absence of its own tense marker＂ ; the other referring to ＂the embedded clause the interpretation of whose tense depends not only on its own marked resources, but also on the tense of the ranking clause＂.
出处
《外语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期7-12,共6页
Foreign Language Education
基金
国家社科基金项目"英汉语时间系统体现方式之系统功能视角对比研究"(项目编号:11BYY007)的部分研究成果
关键词
系统功能语法
汉语限定小句
汉语非限定小句
Systemic Functional Grammar
finite clause in Chinese
nonfinite clause in Chinese
