摘要
目的:黄芪是最常用的中药材药物之一,药用黄芪属植物在国内有明显的地域应用特点。该文论述10种具有代表性的黄芪属植物的化学成分以及药理作用研究进展,分属5个亚属。10种黄芪属植物分别是簇毛黄芪亚属中的乌拉特黄芪(Astragalus hoantchy),背扁黄芪(A.complanatus);黄芪亚属中的梭果黄芪(A.ernestii),膜荚黄芪(A.membranaceus),蒙古黄芪(A.momongholicus var.mongholicus),多花黄芪(A.floridus),金翼黄芪(A.chrysopterus),草木樨状黄芪(A.melilotoidesll);华黄芪亚属中的华黄芪(A.chinensis);裂萼黄芪亚属中的斜茎黄芪(A.adsurgens)。47种皂苷类化合物中,膜荚黄芪中发现37种,蒙古黄芪10种,梭果黄芪6种,多花黄芪4种;85种黄酮类化合物中,蒙古黄芪40种,膜荚黄芪31种,斜茎黄芪21种,梭果黄芪3种,背扁黄耆15种,乌拉特黄芪3种,金翼黄芪1种,草木樨状黄芪3种;蒙古黄芪中得到6种生物碱。黄芪多糖类因为提取工艺不同,得到的结构有很大差异。药理作用主要从对人体的免疫系统、抗衰老、抗病毒、抗肿瘤以及对心血管方面的作用论述。
Objective： Astragalus is one of the most commonly used drugs in Chinese herbal medicine,and the medicinal Astragalus plant in the country has obvious regional application characteristics. This paper would discuss the chemical constituents of 10 representative Astragalus plants and the research progress of pharmacological action,belonging to five subgenus. Ten species of Astragalus were A. hoantchy,A. complanatus,A. ernestii,A.membranaceus,A. momongholicus var. mongholicus,A. floridus,A. chrysopterus,A. melilotoidesll,Chinese Astragalus A. chinensis; A. adsurgens in the genus Calamagrostis. Among 47 kinds of saponins,37 species were found in A. membranaceus,10 species of A. momongholicus,6 species of A. membranaceus,and 4 species of A.floridus. Among 85 flavonoids,40 species were of Astragalus,21 species of A. adsurgens,3 species of Barnyardum officinalis,15 species of A. complanatus,3 species of A. mongolica,1 species of A. chrysopterus,3species of A. hoantchy,and 3 species of A. melilotoidesll; 6 alkaloids were found in A. momongholicus.Astragalus polysaccharides had very different because of different extraction processes. The polysaccharide structure would not be reviewed here,and the pharmacological effects would be reviewed in this paper mainly from the human immune system,anti-aging,anti-virus,anti-tumor and cardiovascular effects.
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第18期222-234,共13页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
石家市重点研发计划面上项目(SH2015079)
关键词
黄芪属
皂苷
黄酮
生物碱
多糖
Astragalus
saponins
flavonoids
alkaloids
polysaccharide
