摘要
人为排放是引起大气CO_2浓度升高的主要原因,由大气CO_2卫星遥感观测获取全球和区域大气CO_2浓度的变化已被认为是评估区域人为排放的有效手段之一.为了深入定量分析区域人为碳排放对大气CO_2浓度变化的贡献,本研究利用由温室气体观测卫星(GOSAT)获取的近5年(2010~2014年)大气CO_2柱浓度数据,以同纬度带高人为排放区域的中国京津冀和美国东部城市密集区为研究对象区,结合位温气象数据和人为碳排放清单数据圈定出对比背景区,通过分析比较人为排放区与背景区的CO_2浓度差值,评估人为排放对大气CO_2浓度增量变化的影响.分析结果显示,近5年中国京津冀和美国东部城市密集区的大气CO_2浓度比背景区分别显示平均1.8和2.0 ppm的升高;且冬季均高于其他季节,分别为2.4±0.6和2.8±0.8 ppm.进一步分析月变化特征时发现中国京津冀地区2014年11月亚太经合组织会议(APEC)期间大气CO_2浓度异常低于前期3.2 ppm,反映了会议期间政府实施的减排控制效果.论文研究结果表明CO_2卫星观测能够从区域大气CO_2浓度的变化定量评估人为排放的影响,作为有效手段之一辅助于区域人为排放控制效果的评估.
Anthropogenic CO_2 emissions are the dominant factor driving atmospheric CO_2 concentration enhancement.However,the magnitude of the increase of CO_2 concentration due to regional anthropogenic emissions remains unclear.Satellite-derived observations of atmospheric CO_2 concentration provide a promising and effective means by which to monitor and evaluate regional anthropogenic CO_2 emissions.This study used the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CO_2（XCO_2） derived from the observations of the greenhouse gases observation satellite（GOSAT） to assess quantitatively the effect of anthropogenic emissions on CO_2 enhancement in two study areas located within the same latitudinal zone（35°–50°N）： one in northern China and the other in the eastern USA.The study collected original XCO_2 data（v02.xx） from a five-year period（2010–2014）,released by the GOSAT project of the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan.Two high-density urban areas were selected as anthropogenic emission regions（emission-regions）.These areas comprised the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area centered on Beijing（43 million square kilometers） in northern China and the urban agglomeration that includes New York City（55 million square kilometers） in the eastern USA,for which the magnitudes of anthropogenic CO_2 emissions were about 950 and 1312 Tg CO_2/a,respectively,according to the CO_2 emission inventory in 2010 released by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center（CDIAC）.Two regions with lower emissions,considered as background-regions for comparison with the emission-regions,were prepared according to the distribution of potential temperature and CO_2 emission data from CDIAC,where anthropogenic CO_2 emissions in 2010 were about 127 and 123 Tg CO_2/a,respectively.The yearly averaged XCO_2 data were calculated based on the seasonally averaged XCO_2 data using the original GOSAT XCO_2 retrievals from the four regions.In comparison with the background-regions,the results showed the enhancements of CO_2 concentration in the emission-regions were,on average,1.8 and 2.0 ppm in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and urban agglomeration in the USA,respectively.The maximum and minimum enhancements in China were 2.4 ppm in 2010 and 1.3 ppm in 2014,respectively.The maximum and minimum enhancements in the USA were 2.6 ppm in 2012 and 1.6 ppm in 2010,respectively.Moreover,the enhancements were highest in winter（2.4±0.6 and 2.8±0.8 ppm in China and the USA,respectively）.Intriguingly,analysis of the monthly variations revealed that CO_2 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area decreased anomalously by 3.2 ppm during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation（APEC） summit in November 2014 compared with the period before the summit.This anomalous drop probably reflects the effects of the artificial control of CO_2 emissions implemented by the government during the APEC summit in order to improve air quality.The above enhancements of CO_2 concentration prefer to be slightly less than the actual enhancements of CO_2 concentration induced by anthropogenic emissions due to bio-ecological flux in the emission-regions.Based on an investigation of bio-ecological flux in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area in earlier researches,the actual CO_2 enhancement induced by anthropogenic emissions should be added an increment of less than 0.6 ppm absorbed by the bio-ecological system to the above-mentioned 1.8 ppm enhancement.The study results demonstrate the efficacy of using satellite-derived observations for evaluating the impact of anthropogenic emissions on the enhancement of atmospheric CO_2 by analyzing changes in regional CO_2 concentration.This provides a promising method with which to verify regional anthropogenic emissions and to support governmental oversight,control,and decision making regarding CO_2 emission reduction.
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第25期2941-2950,共10页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2016YFA0600303
2016YFB0501505)资助
关键词
人为排放
大气CO2浓度
温室气体观测卫星(GOSAT)
区域对比
anthropogenic emissions
atmospheric CO_2 concentration
greenhouse gases observation satellite（GOSAT）
regional contrasts
