摘要
[Objective] This study was conducted to provide certain theoretical reference for the comprehensive evaluation and breeding of new fresh waxy corn vari- eties. [Method] With 5 good fresh waxy corn varieties as experimental materials, correlation analysis and principal component anatysis were performed on 13 agronomic traits, i.e., plant height, ear position, ear weight, ear diameter, axis diameter, ear length, bald tip length, ear row number, number of grains per row, 100-kernel weight, fresh ear yield, tassel length, and tassel branch number. [Result] The principal component analysis performed to the 13 agronomic traits showed that the first three principal components, i.e., the fresh ear yield factors, the tassel factors and the bald top factors, had an accumulative contribution rate over 87.2767%, and could basically represent the genetic information represented by the 13 traits. The first principal component is the main index for the selection and evaluation of good corn varieties which should have large ear, large ear diameter but small axis diameter, i.e., longer grains, larger number of grains per ear, higher, 100-grain weight and higher plant height. As to the second principal component, the plants of fresh corn varieties are best to have longer tassel and not too many branches, and under the premise of ensuring enough pollen for the female spike, the varieties with fewer tassel branches shoud be selected as far as possible. From the point of the third principal component, bald tip length affects the marketing quality of fresh corn, and during fariety evaluation and breeding, the bald top length should be control at the Iowest standard. [Conclusion] The fresh ear yield of corn is in close positive correlation with ear weight, 100-grain weight, ear diameter, number of grains per row and ear length, and plant height also affects fresh ear yield.
[目的]为鲜食型糯玉米新品种的综合评价和选育提供一定理论参考。[方法]以5个优良鲜食型糯玉米品种为试材,对其株高、穗位、穗重、穗粗、轴粗、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、鲜穗产量、雄穗长、雄穗分枝13个性状进行相关和主成分分析。[结果]对鲜食型糯玉米13个农艺性状进行主成分分析,显示前三个主成分,即鲜穗产量因子、雄穗因子和秃尖长因子,其累计贡献率大于87.276 7%,可以基本代表13个性状所代表的遗传信息。第一主成分是优良玉米品种选择和评判的主要指标,各性状应具备:果穗大,穗粗且轴细,即籽粒要深,穗粒数要多,百粒重要高,株高宜较高等。从第二主成分来看,鲜食玉米品种植株的雄穗最好较长,分枝不宜太多,在保证玉米雌穗对雄穗花粉量需求的同时,尽量选择雄穗分枝少的品种。从第三主成分来看,秃尖长影响了鲜食玉米的商品品质,在品种评价和选育时,应将秃尖长度控制在最低标准。[结论]玉米鲜穗产量与穗重、百粒重、穗粗、行粒数、穗长等性状有极显著正相关关系,株高对其也有重要影响。
基金
山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC110005)
青岛农业大学高层次人才启动资金项目(631427)~~
