摘要
The presence of light-absorbing aerosols （LAA） in snow profoundly influence the surface energy balance and water budget. However, most snow-process schemes in land-surface and climate models currently do not take this into consider- ation. To better represent the snow process and to evaluate the impacts of LAA on snow, this study presents an improved snow albedo parameterization in the Snow-Atmosphere-Soil on snow. Specifically, the Snow, Ice and Aerosol Radiation Transfer （SAST） model, which includes the impacts of LAA （SNICAR） model is incorporated into the SAST model with an LAA mass stratigraphy scheme. The new coupled model is validated against in-situ measurements at the Swamp Angel Study Plot （SASP）, Colorado, USA. Results show that the snow albedo and snow depth are better reproduced than those in the original SAST, particularly during the period of snow ablation. Furthermore, the impacts of LAA on snow are esti- mated in the coupled model through case comparisons of the snowpack, with or without LAA. The LAA particles directly absorb extra solar radiation, which accelerates the growth rate of the snow grain size. Meanwhile, these larger snow particles favor more radiative absorption. The average total radiative forcing of the LAA at the SASP is 47.5 W m-2. This extra radiative absorption enhances the snowmelt rate. As a result, the peak runoff time and ＂snow all gone＂ day have shifted 18 and 19.5 days earlier, respectively, which could further impose substantial impacts on the hydrologic cycle and atmospheric processes.
The presence of light-absorbing aerosols （LAA） in snow profoundly influence the surface energy balance and water budget. However, most snow-process schemes in land-surface and climate models currently do not take this into consider- ation. To better represent the snow process and to evaluate the impacts of LAA on snow, this study presents an improved snow albedo parameterization in the Snow-Atmosphere-Soil on snow. Specifically, the Snow, Ice and Aerosol Radiation Transfer （SAST） model, which includes the impacts of LAA （SNICAR） model is incorporated into the SAST model with an LAA mass stratigraphy scheme. The new coupled model is validated against in-situ measurements at the Swamp Angel Study Plot （SASP）, Colorado, USA. Results show that the snow albedo and snow depth are better reproduced than those in the original SAST, particularly during the period of snow ablation. Furthermore, the impacts of LAA on snow are esti- mated in the coupled model through case comparisons of the snowpack, with or without LAA. The LAA particles directly absorb extra solar radiation, which accelerates the growth rate of the snow grain size. Meanwhile, these larger snow particles favor more radiative absorption. The average total radiative forcing of the LAA at the SASP is 47.5 W m-2. This extra radiative absorption enhances the snowmelt rate. As a result, the peak runoff time and ＂snow all gone＂ day have shifted 18 and 19.5 days earlier, respectively, which could further impose substantial impacts on the hydrologic cycle and atmospheric processes.
作者
Efang ZHONG
Qian LI
Shufen SUN
Wen CHEN
Shangfeng CHEN
Debashis NATH
efang zhong;qian li;shufen sun;wen chen;shangfeng chen;debashis nath(center for monsoon system research,institute of atmospheric physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china;university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china;state key laboratory of numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics,institute of atmospheric physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china)
基金
supported jointly by projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41275003)
the National Key Basic Research and Development Projects of China (Grant No.2014CB953903)
