摘要
为探讨春灌结合秸秆隔层对土壤水盐分布及微生物区系的影响,该文采用田间微区试验方法,以当地常规春灌水平(2 250 m^3/hm^2)为对照(CK),设置秸秆隔层深埋条件下常规春灌灌水量的100%、90%、80%、70%(W100、W90、W80、W70)4个梯度共5个处理,研究河套灌区不同春灌灌水量下秸秆隔层对中度盐碱地水盐分布、微生物区系及食葵产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆隔层处理20~40 cm土层含水率随春灌量的增加而增加,W100处理春灌后根系分布层(0~40 cm)含水率较CK、W90、W80、W70显著提高6.5%、3.6%、5.8%、8.9%(P<0.05);W100和W90处理春灌后均具有较好的脱盐效果,盐分淋洗深度达50~60 cm,其0~40 cm盐分较CK显著降低18.9%和13.9%(P<0.05),春灌前后土壤脱盐率也分别较CK提高34.9%、30.1%(P<0.05),但W100与W90处理间春灌后土壤盐分、脱盐率均无显著差异,W80处理与CK之间也没有达到显著差异水平(P<0.05)。收获后,CK处理0~40 cm含水率显著高于其他4个处理,W100和W90处理0~40 cm含盐量显著低于CK 27.6%和16.3%(P<0.05),但2个处理间含盐量无显著差异,W80处理与CK差异也不显著,而W70盐分含量显著最高。与CK、W80和W70相比,W100和W90处理均显著增加了收获期土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌可培养微生物数量,并增加了可培养优势菌群种类,而W90处理相比W100处理更有利于土壤真菌生长。W100处理食葵产量显著高于其他4个处理(P<0.05),分别较CK、W90、W80和W70增产5.3%、6.8%、11.4%和13.6%,W90与CK两处理间产量无显著差异,但其水分生产率显著高于CK,而W100与CK处理间水分生产率差异不显著。综上来看,单纯从高产角度,当前春灌量水平结合秸秆隔层(W100)处理食葵增产效果最显著值得推荐,而从土壤脱盐、作物稳产及水分生产率提高等综合效应考虑,在当前春灌基础上减少10%灌水量结合秸秆隔层(W90)是可推荐的措施。
Buried straw layer plus plastic mulching has been recommended as a good practice for ameliorating soil salinity and increasing crop yield, but its influence on the soil water and salt distribution and the change of microflora in the case of different quota of spring irrigation has not yet been determined. In this paper, a micro-plot field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw interlayer with plastic mulch under different amount of spring irrigation on the soil water and salt distribution, soil microflora and sunflower yield on a moderate saline soil in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia of China. Five treatments were designed： irrigation amount of 2 250 m^3/hm^2 with no straw interlayer（CK）, irrigation amount reached 100%（W100）, 90%（W90）, 80%（W80） and 70%（W70） of CK with straw interlayer. The results showed that the water content in the 20-40 cm soil layer under the treatments with straw interlayer increased with the increase of spring irrigation amount, and W100 treatment significantly enhanced water storage capacity in the 0-40 cm soil layer by 6.5%, 3.6%, 5.8% and 8.9% compared with CK, W90, W80 and W70 after spring irrigation（P〈0.05）, respectively. Both W100 and W90 treatments had good desalting effect after irrigation and the salt could be leached down to 50-60 cm deep, also the salt content in the 0-40 cm soil layer was decreased by 18.9% and 13.9% compared with CK（P〈0.05）, respectively. Accordingly the desalination rate in the 0-40 cm soil layer under W100 and W90 were 34.9 % and 30.1 % higher than CK（P〈0.05）, respectively, but there was no significant（P〈0.05） difference in soil salinity and desalting rate between W100 and W90 treatment, and also no significant（P〈0.05） difference was found between W80 and CK. At harvest, the water content in the 0-40 cm layer under CK was significantly higher than that of other four treatments（P〈0.05）, while the salt content in the 0-40 cm layers under W100 and W90 was lower 27.6% and 16.3% compared with CK（P〈0.05）, respectively. However, there was no significant difference（P〈0.05） in salt content between W100 and W90 treatments; also the difference between W80 treatment and CK was not significant（P〈0.05）, while the soil salt content of W70 was significantly higher than other treatments. Compared to CK, W80 and W70, both W100 and W90 treatments significantly increased the quantity of bacteria, antinomies and fungus（P〈0.05）, also the species of dominant microflora was increased. We also found that W90 treatment was more favorable to the growth of soil fungi than W100. After harvest, the yield of sunflower treated with W100 was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments（P〈0.05）, and increased by 5.3%, 6.8%, 11.4% and 13.6% compared with CK, W90, W80 and W70, respectively. There was no significant difference between W90 treatment and CK（P〈0.05）, but its water productivity was significantly higher than that of CK（P〈0.05）. In summary, only from the angle of high yield, the current level of spring irrigation with straw interlayer（W100） was recommended since the most obvious increasing effect of sunflower yield. Considering the soil desalination, stable crop yield and increasing water productivity, the straw interlayer combined with the 10% reduction of local spring irrigation amount（W90） was also a locally recommended measure.
作者
卢闯
逄焕成
张宏媛
张建丽
张浩
李玉义
Lu Chuang Pang Huancheng Zhang Hongyuan Zhang Jianli Zhang Hao Li Yuyi(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beo＇ing 100081, China School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第18期87-94,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(31471455)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303130)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132016051)
关键词
灌溉
秸秆
脱盐
中度盐碱地
土壤微生物区系
irrigation
straw
desalination
moderate saline land
soil microflora
