摘要
The Tibetan Plateau serves an important shelter function for the ecological security of Asia, and especially China. Here, we proposed and improved indicators and methods for assessing the ecological sensitivity and vulnerability of the terrestrial alpine Plateau ecosystems and assessed the freeze-thaw erosion, land desertification, water-caused soil loss, and land salinization sensitivity, together with ecological vulnerability, from the overall ecological sensitivity, ecological pressure, and elasticity aspects in Tibet. The results indicate that the terrestrial ecosystem of Tibet is quite sensitive to freeze-thaw erosion, land desertification and water-caused soil loss. Extremely and highly sensitive regions account for 9.62% and 83.69%, respectively, of the total area of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Extremely and highly vulnerable areas account for 0.09% and 52.61%, respectively, primarily distributed in the Himalayan and Gangdise mountain regions in west Tibet; the Nyainqentanglha, Tanggula, Hoh Xil, and Kunlun mountain regions; and the northwest and northern regions of the Changtang Plateau. The results will aid the development of customized protection schedules according to different ecological issues in each region.
青藏高原的生态平衡对中国乃至亚洲的生态安全具有极为重要的作用。本文提出和改进了针对高山高原陆地生态系统生态敏感性和脆弱性评估的指标和方法;评价了西藏自治区的冻融侵蚀、土地沙化、水土流失和土地盐渍化的敏感性;并从综合生态敏感性、生态压力和生态弹力三个方面评价了其生态脆弱性。结果显示,西藏陆地生态系统对冻融侵蚀、土地沙化和水土流失问题非常敏感。极度和高度敏感区分别占西藏自治区总面积的9.62%和83.69%。极度和高度脆弱区分别占0.09%和52.61%,主要分布在西藏西部的喜马拉雅和冈底斯山山区,念青唐古拉、唐古拉、可可西里和昆仑山区,及羌塘高原西北部和北部地区。这些结果有助于根据各区域存在的生态问题提出具有针对性的保护方案。
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601458,41771141)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK 20170272)
