摘要
族群政治是最近30年比较政治学增长最快的研究领域之一。国际学术界关于族群政治的研究主要聚焦于族群冲突为何发生以及如何避免族群冲突。此外,族群政治与国家构建、族群冲突与民主转型之间的关系也是重要研究议题。解释民族冲突有三种主要的理论路径:原生论、工具论与建构论,主要解释变量包括族群结构、安全困境、群体竞争、民主转型与政治动员、国家能力、文明冲突等。从政治制度上说,威权政体的衰落会导致统治能力的弱化,容易激发族群冲突;新兴民主政体会强化族群集团的政治动员和政治竞争,亦容易激发族群冲突;成熟民主政体则是借助和平解决政治分歧的机制,通常能够有效控制族群冲突。就具体制度设计而言,共识民主理论与政治整合理论长期以来一直在争论如何在民主政体条件下避免或缓解族群冲突。总之,族群政治研究不仅具有学术价值,而且能够为中国外交与国内族群政策提供有益的战略启示。
Ethnic politics is one of the fastest-growing areas of comparative politics in the last three decades. The study of ethnic politics in the international academic circles focuses mainly on the occurrence of ethnic conflicts and how to avoid ethnic conflicts. In addition, both the relationship between ethnic politics and state building and the relationship between ethnic conflicts and democratic transition are also essential academic issues. There are three main theoretical paths to explain ethnic conflicts： the primordialist theory, the instrumentalist theory, and the constructivist theory. The main explanatory variables include ethnic structure, security dilemma, group competition, democratization and political mobilization, state capacity, clash of civilizations, and so on. In view of political institutionalism, the decline of authoritarian regimes will lead to weakened governability, which is more likely to stimulate ethnic conflicts; newly emerging democracies will strengthen political mobilization and political competition among ethnic groups, which is also more likely to stimulate ethnic conflicts; consolidated democracy provides peaceful resolution of political cleavages among ethnic groups, which is more likely to reduce ethnic conflicts. In terms of specific institutional design, advocates of the theory of consensus democracy and supporters of the theory of political integration have been debating how to avoid or mitigate ethnic conflicts in democracies for a long time. In short, the study of ethnic politics not only offers academic value, but also provides useful strategic implications for China＇ s diplomacy and internal ethnic policies.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期1-13,共13页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“合作治理:国家治理体系现代化与国家责任研究”(项目号:15ZDA031)的资助
