摘要
明代中叶常州人顾应祥提出的土地应该被允许自由流动的思想及与之相关的德治政府论是明代思想史界的一股清流。顾应祥认为,人之本性彼此各异,在生产劳动上的投入与产出所得也必然不同。对此,国家不该用制度限制或政策约束,强求百姓财产均平。为此,他既反对明初恢复井田制的呼声,也不同意丘濬的"配丁田法"。结合明代中叶田土兼并的情状可知,顾应祥之说,实质是面对田土受强权左右而无法正常流动的现实,精于儒学之道的士大夫为了安定社会、保障民生,而设计的一种改善思路。这一设计,因为本诸人性,既以之为保障民有的理论之源,又以之为施治于民的制度基础,故能缓解国家与百姓之间的对立,减少因财产转移而引发的社会矛盾。
In the middle of Ming Dynasty,GU Ying-xiang,a native in Changzhou,proposes that land shouldbe allowed to flow freely and its relative theory of rule by virtue government,which is new force in the circle ofhistory of thought in Ming Dynasty.He believes that human nature is different,and the input and output in la-boring activity is therefore different.State should not restrict with system or policy to even the property of thepeople.He is against the proposal to restore Jingtian System,or the＂Land division according population meth-od＂put forward by QIU Jun.according to the land condition in Ming Dynasty,his theory is based on the factthat land is controlled by some great power and it cannot flow freely.It is a way of thinking to improve de-signed for the safety of the society and the mass due to the delicate consideration on the part of the Confucianscholar.This design,originated from human nature,can protect the property of the people and can manage peo-ple as well,which can reduce the conflict between the state and the people and social contradiction due totransfer of property.
出处
《求是学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期164-172,共9页
Seeking Truth
关键词
明代中叶
土地流动
顾应祥
丘濬
诺齐克
middle of Ming Dynasty, flow of land, GU Ying-xiang, QIU Jun, Nozick
