摘要
太空是美国与印度双边互动的重要领域。伴随着美国对印太空技术出口控制的实施及其解禁以及延续至今的相关市场准入限制,美印太空互动的历史进程呈现出合作与竞争对抗相交错的态势。这一进程发生的缘由可从两国间及各自国内存在的结构和认知分歧予以探究。在太空技术上,美国国内存在着关于对印技术援助的不同看法,尤其是美国政府内部不同派别在坚守导弹防扩散体系和构建战略伙伴关系之间各自有所选择;印度国内关于太空军事化的争论中,不同时期、不同派别对于美国反卫星武器试验及美国之于印度太空军事化的意义有着各异的评价和判断。在商业卫星发射上,美印之间存在的太空产业模式的结构性差异构成了市场对接的障碍,美国国内太空市场中的供需矛盾则导致了关于对印市场准入限制是否应当解除的分歧。在诸多分歧的作用之下,无论是在太空技术还是商业领域,美印两国未来开展合作的同时,竞争甚至对抗之势仍将难以消除。
Space represents an important issue for the bilateral relationship between the U.S.and India.Considering the implementation and later lifting of U.S.controls on exports of space technologies to India,and the market entry limitations which continue until the present,the history of the relationship between the U.S.and India on space might be characterized by intertwined elements of confrontational competition and cooperation.The roots of this relationship might be considered from the perspective of the structural and cognitive differences between the two states.With respect to space technology,there are different perspectives within the U.S.regarding whether technical assistance should be afforded to the Indian side,and in particular between factions within the U.S.government working on the one hand to maintain missile nonproliferation systems,and on the other to build strategic partnerships.Within domestic discourse in India on the militarization of space,different factions have at different times expressed varying views regarding the U.S.anti-satellite weapons experiments and American impacts on the militarization of space in India.With respect to the launch of commercial satellites,the structural differences across prevailing commercial models in the U.S.and India represent significant barriers to cooperation.Contradictions between supply and demand in the U.S.space market have resulted in the emergence of a debate over whether restrictions on India’s entry into the market should be lifted.Influenced by these many disagreements,competition and confrontation will continue to plague efforts of the U.S.and India to engage in cooperation in either space technology or commercial areas.
出处
《南亚研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期117-134,共18页
South Asian Studies
关键词
美国
印度
商业太空发射协议
太空军事化
导弹及其技术控制制度
反卫星武器试验
U.S.
India
Commercial Space Launch Agreement
Militarization of Space
Missiles and Technical Missile Control Systems
Anti-Satellite Weapons Testing
