摘要
多环芳烃(PAHs)是重要的环境污染物,主要来源于自然界和人为生产生活中含碳氢有机物的不完全燃烧,如汽车尾气、油脂食物烧烤和香烟等,近年来其污染水平日益严重,由此造成的健康损害也受到更多关注。除部分PAHs具有致癌作用外,PAHs引起的非恶性健康损害已成为研究热点。呼吸道是PAHs进入机体的主要途径和直接作用器官,汇总国内外相关研究内容显示,较高水平PAHs暴露可引起成人和儿童肺功能下降,增加慢性阻塞性肺病的发病和死亡率。人群流行病学研究提示PAHs不仅与哮喘发病相关,还可加重哮喘的临床症状。长期暴露于高水平致癌性PAHs如苯并(a)芘导致肺癌发病危险度升高,且存在接触剂量-效应关系。既往欠缺PAHs引起呼吸道非恶性损伤机制研究,因此,关注PAHs引起的呼吸系统损伤,特别应加强其导致非恶性呼吸系统损伤及机制研究,以保护大众呼吸健康和减少呼吸系疾病负担。
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon （PAHs） are important environmental pollutants. They mainly come from incomplete combustion of organic compounds in natural and anthropogenic activities such as automobile exhaust, grease food barbecue and cigarettes. Adverse health effects of PAHs have attracted much attention because PAHs levels show a worldwide rise in recent years. Non-malignant health damage induced by PAHs has become a research focus in addition to the carcinogenic effects of several PAHs. Respiratory tract is the directly exposed target organ for PAHs inhalation. We summarize the results from currently published papers, which suggest that higher levels of PAHs exposure may cause decreased lung function in adults and children, increase the incidence or mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Epidemiological studies indicate that PAHs are not only associated with asthma,but also aggravate clinical symptoms of asthma. Long-term exposure to high levels of carcinogenic PAHs such as benzo（ a） pyrene may lead to an increased risk of lung cancer. A dose-response relationship exists between PAHs and risk of lung cancer. However, the mechanism by which PAHs increase the risk of non-malignant respiratory diseases is largely unknown. To protect respiratory health and reduce disease burden,more attention should be paid to PAHs-induced respiratory injury. Especially,to strengthen mechanism research on the non-malignant respiratory system injury induced by PAHs.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2017年第5期1-5,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC1303903)
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点项目(91543207)
关键词
多环芳烃
肺功能
慢性阻塞性肺病
哮喘
肺癌
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon （PAHs）
Lung function
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Lung cancer
