摘要
在中国快速工业化和城镇化的过程中,"农村空心化""农业边缘化"和"农民老龄化"等现象日益突出,已经成为社会广泛关注的"新三农"问题。"新三农"问题的衍生有深刻的时代背景、内在动力和制度根源。破解"新三农"问题必须着力破除城乡二元结构,实现城乡之间人口和资源的自由流动及公共服务的均衡分配。如果说改革以来破除城乡二元体制改革的重点在城市,当前改革的重点和难点则在农村,尤其是破除农村经济和社会的封闭性。为此,必须进一步深化农村改革,实行"政经分开""户产分离",鼓励"市民下乡",为农村发展提供人力支持;"管住规划、放开市场",允许"资本下乡",为农业现代化提供资源支持;"守住底线、多元供给",通过"服务下乡",为农民提供基本的社会保障。通过政策调整和制度创新,在改革和发展中逐步化解"新三农"问题。
In the high-speed process of industrialization and urbanization in China, many rural areas have become depopulated, with agriculture becoming marginalized and farmers becoming aged. These phenomena have become prominent, being termed as New Three Rural Issues. This article starts by pointing out that historical background, internal powers and institutional origins result in the formation of New Three Rural Issues. It is necessary to break down the barriers of urban-rural division, promote free flow of population and resources, and realize a more balanced distribution of public services provision betwecri urban and rural areas. Through policy adjustments and institutional innovations, New Three Rural Issues can be gradually addressed in the process of reform and development. The study concludes by proposing three approaches in deepening rural reforms. First, human resource support for rural development can be enhanced by way of separation between economics and politics, separation between households and properties in rural areas, and encouraging urban citizens to work in the countryside. Second, resource support for agricultural modernization can be increased by way of ＂planning controlling＂ and ＂market opening＂ in rural areas, as well as admitting capital investment in the countryside. Finally, provision of basic social security should be realized for farmers by way of＂keeping the bottom line＂ and ＂provision in a plural way＂, as well as enhancing social service delivery in rural areas.
作者
项继权
周长友
Xiang Jiquan Zhou Changyou
出处
《中国农村经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第10期13-25,共13页
Chinese Rural Economy
关键词
农村空心化
农业边缘化
农民老龄化
Rural Depopulation
Agricultural Marginalization
Ageing of Farmer
