摘要
降水的时空特征研究对喜马拉雅山区的气象、水文和冰川过程的理解极其重要。随着中国科学家主导的"第三极环境"国际研究计划的推进,开展对该地区降水的时空分布及其过程与机理的研究变得更加迫切。本文系统总结了前人在该地区降水研究取得的进展,并提出了该地区水文气象研究的前沿问题。主要结论如下:(1)喜马拉雅山区的降水有明显的日变化,在低海拔地区以夜间降水为主,这与高原南部斜坡加热和季风期间风场的不对称日变化有关。(2)喜马拉雅山区的降水主要发生在夏季,但在西北部的高海拔区域,冬春季降水占年降水比例可高达50%。(3)在喜马拉雅山区南坡,降水量随海拔的升高而升高,但在超过2500 m后,降水随海拔升高而降低。(4)区域气候模拟在喜马拉雅山区有一定的适用性,但缺乏对极高海拔的降水评估。因此,为开展该区域的降水过程与机理研究,建议优先加强高海拔区域的观测研究,评估新一代全球卫星降水产品,对比分析南北坡和高山-峡谷降水特征,改进区域气候模式对复杂山区的天气及气候模拟能力。
Exploring the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is very important to the understanding of climate,hydrology and glacier processes in Himalaya. With the emergence of the ＂Third Pole Environment（ TPE） ＂international program that is initiated by Chinese scientists,it is urgent to understand the processes and drivers of precipitation around the region. This study reviews the research progresses of precipitation in Himalayan region,based on which we put forward frontier issues of hydro-meteorological studies for this region. Previous progresses are summarized as follows：（ 1） Precipitation in Himalaya has distinct diurnal variation,with a nocturnal peak at night in low-elevation zone,which is related to Plateau-scale wind convergence/divergence and mountain-valley scale asymmetric diurnal variation of wind field during South Asian monsoon.（ 2） Precipitation in summer usually dominates the annual precipitation amount,but in northwest high elevation regions spring and winter precipitation may account for 50% of annual precipitation.（ 3） In south slope of Himalaya,precipitation amount increases with the increase of elevation up to 2500 m（ above sea level）,and then decreases toward higher elevations.（ 4） Regional climate modeling shows reasonable applicability in Less Himalaya,but there is,lack of valid precipitation assessments for ultra-high-elevation regions. So we propose research priorities in future to enhance observing network for high-elevation regions,evaluate satellite-based global precipitation measurements,analyze the difference of climate between south and north slopes,and to improve the skill of regional climate models in the complex mountain region.
作者
欧阳琳
阳坤
秦军
王岩
卢麾
OUYANG Lin YANG Kun QIN Junt WANG Yan LU Hui(Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期1165-1175,共11页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(91537210
41325019)
关键词
降水时空特征
山谷风的不对称性
高海拔
区域气候模式
Precipitation spatiotemporal feature
Mountain-Valley wind asymmetry
High elevation
Regionalclimate model
