摘要
病毒性胃肠炎(viral gastroenteritis,VG)又称病毒性腹泻,是世界范围内婴幼儿发病和死亡的重要原因.目前,全球VG预防控制的首要目标是减少婴幼儿重症腹泻的发生,降低婴幼儿腹泻死亡率,有效遏制VG在人群中的暴发流行.引起VG的病原有多种,其中两种重要的病原体是轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)和诺如病毒(Norovirus,NV).RV是婴幼儿重型腹泻的首要病原,也是VG防控的重点.然而,中国近几年腹泻暴发疫情明显增多,NV作为暴发疫情的首要病原,具有变异快、环境抵抗力强、低剂量感染及传播途径多样性等特点,引起各级政府和群众的普遍关注,成为影响广大人群公共卫生安全的重要问题之一.由于卫生状况的改善对于病毒性腹泻的控制效果甚微,其重要性越发突出.本文就腹泻病毒的病原学和流行特征进行概述,对引起腹泻暴发疫情NV的分子流行病学特征及变异规律进行简要综述,探讨VG防控中面临的主要问题,为VG的防控、临床治疗和疫苗的研究提供启发.
Viral gastroenterit is, al so known as viral diarrhea, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. At present, the primary goal of prevention and control of viral diarrhea is to decrease the incidence of severe diarrhea in infants, reduce infant mortality, and curb the outbreak of viral diarrhea effectively. There are many kinds of pathogens that can cause viral diarrhea, with Rotavirus（RV） and Norovirus（NV） being the two important pathogens. RV is the primary pathogen of severe diarrhea in infants and children, and it is also the target for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea. However, the number of outbreaks of diarrhea in China has increased significantly in recent years. As the primary pathogen of these outbreaks, NV has the characteristics of rapid variation, strong environmental resistance, low dose infection and diversity of routes of transmission. NV infection has aroused widespread concern of governments and people and become one of the important issues affecting the public health and safety of the general population. The improvement in health status has little effect on the control of viral diarrhea. This ar ticle summarizes the etiology and epidemic characteristics of viral diarrhea, discusses the main problems of its prevention and control, and reviews the molecular epidemiological characteristics and variation of NV causing diarrhea outbreaks.
作者
刘岚铮
王春荣
Lan-Zheng Liu Chun-Rong Wang(Institute for Viral Disease Detection, Ji＇nan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ji＇nan 250021, Shandong Province, China)
出处
《世界华人消化杂志》
CAS
2017年第28期2528-2539,共12页
World Chinese Journal of Digestology
基金
济南市科技发展计划基金资助项目
No.201221064~~
关键词
病毒性胃肠炎
暴发疫情
诺如病毒
分子流行病学特征
Viral gastroenteritis
Outbreaks
Norovirus
Molecular epidemiological characteristics
