摘要
【目的】对小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.)和印度橡胶榕(Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem.)气生根进行生药学鉴别。【方法】采集小叶榕与印度橡胶榕新鲜的气生根作为样品,采用体视镜进行外观形态鉴别;采用显微镜对气生根根被表面、根尖横切面、根尖后部横纵切面及粉末结构特征进行显微鉴别。【结果】形态鉴别:小叶榕气生根数目多于印度橡胶榕,直径小于印度橡胶榕;小叶榕气生根根尖淡黄色至黄白色,有灰白色或黄白色皮孔,而印度橡胶榕根尖浅黄色或黄色,有棕色的皮孔。显微特征鉴别:小叶榕与印度橡胶榕气生根根尖及根尖后部横切面显微结构可见初生木质部束不同,小叶榕为五至七原型,印度橡胶榕为六至十一原型;二者根部纵切面均可见无节不分枝乳汁管,但印度橡胶榕乳汁管直径略大于小叶榕,大多聚生;小叶榕粉末为红棕色,主要以螺纹导管为主,常见具缘纹孔导管,而印度橡胶榕粉末为黄棕色,纤维颜色较浅,接近无色透明,常有簇晶排列成行,主要以单列小型和大型成片的具缘纹孔导管为主。【结论】研究结果可为小叶榕和印度橡胶榕气生根的药材鉴定及开发利用提供依据。
Objective To compare the pharmacognosy characteristics of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.. Methods Fresh aerial roots were harvested and were used as the experimental samples. Stereoscopy was used for the observation of macroscopic appearance of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.,and the microscope was used for the examination of their microscopic features of the velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section and longitudinal section of the posterior root,and powder. Results The appearance characteristics of the two species were as follows： the number of aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was more,and the diameter was smaller than that of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. The root tips of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. aerial roots were light yellow turning to yellow-white,covered with gray or yellowish-white lenticels;the root tips of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots were light yellow or yellow, covered with gray lenticels. Microscopic identification results of the two plants were as follows：the primary xylems of transverse section of root tips and posterior roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. were different,the former being five to seven heptarch,and the latter being six to eleven heptarch. Both of the two species had non-articulated unbranched laticifers in their longitudinal section of posterior root, and the diameter of Ficus. elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was slightly larger than that of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.. The powder of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. was red brown,with spiral and pitted vessels;Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. was yellow brown,with single small and large pitted vessels,and the color of its fiber was shallow or nearly colorless or even transparent, with lines of cluster crystal. Conclusion The results will provide evidence for the identification, exploitation and utilization of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.and Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.
出处
《广州中医药大学学报》
CAS
2017年第6期913-918,共6页
Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
基金
广东省科技计划项目(编号:2014A030304058
2015A030302070)
关键词
小叶榕
印度橡胶榕
气生根
形态鉴别
显微鉴别
FicusmicrocarpaLinn.f.
FicuselasticaRoxhexHornem.
aerial root
characteristics identification
microscopic identification
