摘要
基于1961—2015年吉林省50个气象站资料,分析了吉林省极端气温指数的变化特征。结果表明:暖昼日数、暖夜日数、霜冻日数、暖持续日数、气温日较差、最高温极高值和最低温极高值均呈自西向东逐渐升高的空间分布特征,夏季日数、热夜日数和冷持续日数自西向东逐渐降低,冰冻日数由南向北逐渐增加。冷昼日数、冷夜日数、霜冻日数、冷持续日数和气温日较差分别以-0.75 d·10 a^(-1)、-2.34 d·10 a^(-1)、-3.15 d·10 a^(-1)、-1.67 d·10 a^(-1)和-0.23℃·10 a^(-1)的趋势显著下降;暖昼日数、暖夜日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、最低温极高值、最低温极低值、暖持续日数和生物生长季分别以0.76 d·10 a^(-1)、1.55 d·10 a^(-1)、2.34 d·10 a^(-1)、1.62 d·10 a^(-1)、0.16℃·10 a^(-1)、0.57℃·10 a^(-1)、0.80 d·10 a^(-1)和3.22 d·10 a^(-1)的趋势显著上升。大部分极端气温指数在20世纪80年代发生突变,突变后冷指数降低,暖指数上升。大部分极端气温指数的主周期为3 a左右。当经度每增加1°,冷持续日数、夏季日数、热夜日数分别降低0.2、5.2和2.3 d;纬度每增加1°,冷持续日数、冰冻日数、夏季日数、热夜日数、最高温极高值、最低温极高值分别上升0.5 d、4.2 d、5.3 d、2.3 d、0.7℃、0.5℃;海拔每增加100 m时,冷持续日数、生物生长季、夏季日数、热夜指数分别降低0.4、1.8、5.8和2.9 d。
Based on the data of 50 meteorological stations in Jilin Province during 1961-2015,the variations of extreme temperature indices were analyzed.The result showed that warm days,warm nights,frost days,warm spell duration days,daily temperature range,annual maximum value of daily maximum and minimum increased from west to east in Jilin Province.Summer days,warm nights and cold duration spell days decreased from west to east,while ice days increased from south to north.Cold days,cold nights,frost days,cold spell duration days and daily temperature range were found to decrease significantly by 0.75 d·10 a^-1,2.34 d·10 a^-1,3.15 d·10 a^-1,1.67 d·10 a^-1 and 0.23 ℃ ·10 a^-1 respectively;warm days,warm nights,summer days,hot nights,annual maximum value of daily minimum,annual minimum value of daily maximum,warm spell duration days and growing season length showed statistically significant increasing trends at rates of 0.76 d·10 a^-1,1.55 d·10 a^-1,2.34 d·10 a^-1,1.62 d·10 a^-1,0.16℃ ·10 a^-1,0.57 ℃·10 a^-1,0.80 d·10 a^-1 and 3.22 d·10 a^-1 respectively.It was found that the most extreme temperature indices had an abrupt change in the 1980 s,the cold indices decreased and warm indices increased after the change.The main period of the most extreme temperature indices was 3 years.When the longitude increased by 1 degree,the cold spell duration days,summer days,and hot nights decreased by 0.2,5.2 and 2.3 d,respectively.When the latitude increased by 1 degree,the cold spell duration days,ice days,summer days,warm nights,annual maximum value of daily maximum,annual maximum value of daily minimum increased by 0.5 d,4.2 d,5.3 d,2.3 d,0.7 ℃,0.5 ℃,respectively.When the altitude increased by 100 m,the cold spell duration days,growing season length,summer days,and hot nights decreased by 0.4,1.8,5.8,2.9 d,respectively.
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第11期3224-3234,共11页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206018
GYHY201506001)
吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20150204014NY)
吉林省气象局青年基金项目(201602)资助
关键词
极端气温
气候变化
突变
周期变化
吉林省
extreme temperature
climate change
abrupt change
periodic change
Jilin province
