摘要
本试验旨在研究在饲料中单独或联合添加壳寡糖(COS)和霉菌毒素吸附剂(MA)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、非特异性免疫力及抗病力的影响。首先配制基础饲料(C0组,作为对照组),然后在基础饲料中分别添加100 mg/kg COS(C0.1组)、250 mg/kg COS(C0.25组)、2 500 mg/kg M A(M 2.5组)、100 mg/kg COS+2 500 mg/kg M A(C0.1+M 2.5组)、250 mg/kg COS+2 500 mg/kg MA(C0.25+M2.5组),共制成6种等氮等脂的试验饲料,投喂初重为(0.23±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾8周。每组设3个重复,每个重复放养40尾对虾。结果表明:1)C0.1+M2.5组的特定生长率、增重率显著高于M2.5组(P<0.05),C0.1+M2.5组的饲料系数最优,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),C0.1+M2.5组的蛋白质效率最高并显著高于除C0.25+M 2.5组外的其他各组(P<0.05);C0.1+M 2.5组的虾体粗蛋白质含量较C0.1组显著升高(P<0.05),虾体粗脂肪含量较C0.1组显著降低(P<0.05)。2)C0.1+M 2.5、C0.25+M 2.5组血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著低于C0.1和C0.25组(P<0.05),C0.1+M2.5组血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性均显著高于M2.5和C0.1组(P<0.05),C0.1+M2.5组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于C0.1组(P<0.05);C0.1+M2.5组肝胰腺中MDA含量显著低于C0.1组(P<0.05),C0.25+M 2.5组肝胰腺中AKP、PO、SOD、溶菌酶(LZM)活性比C0.1+M 2.5组均有降低,相反肝胰腺中MDA含量则有所升高。3)以哈维氏弧菌攻毒7 d后,C0.1+M2.5及C0.25+M 2.5组的累积死亡率均显著低于C0和M 2.5组(P<0.05)。由结果可知:本试验条件下,饲料中添加一定量的COS和/或MA均能促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,联合添加COS与MA的促生长、提高免疫力和抗病力的效果优于单独添加COS和MA,综合来看,以100 mg/kg COS和2 500 mg/kg M A联合添加时作用效果较佳。
An 8-w eek feed trial w as carried out to investigate the effects of single or combined supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharide（ COS） and mycotoxin adsorbents（ MA） on the grow th performance,nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipid diets w ere prepared.Firstly,a basal diet w as formulated as control diet（ C0 group）,and then 5 diets w ere formulated by adding100 mg/kg COS（ C0. 1 group）,250 mg/kg COS（ C0. 25 group）,2 500 mg/kg MA（ M2. 5 group）,100 mg/kg COS ＋ 2 500 mg/kg MA（ C0. 1 ＋ M2. 5 group）,250 mg/kg COS ＋ 2 500 mg/kg MA（ C0. 25 ＋M2.5 group）,respectively. The Litopenaeus vannamei w ith an initial average w eight of（ 0.23 ± 0.02） g w ere randomly assigned into 6 groups w ith 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate. The results show ed as follow s： 1） the w eight gain rate（ WGR） and specific grow th rate（ SGR） in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group w ere significantly higher than those in M2. 5 groups（ P〈0. 05）,the feed conversion ratio（ FCR） in C0.1 ＋ M2. 5 group w as significantly low er than that of other groups（ P〈0. 05） and show ed the minimum value,the maximum protein efficiency rate（ PER） w as occurred in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group and w as significantly higher than that of other groups（ P〈0.05） except C0.25 ＋M0.25 group. The crude protein content of shrimp body in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group w as significantly higher than that in C0. 1 group（ P〈0. 05）,and the crude lipid content of shrimp body in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group w as significantly low er than that in C0.1 group（ P〈0.05）. 2） In the serum,the activity of alkaline phosphatase（ AKP） in C0.1 ＋M2.5 and C0.25 ＋M2.5 groups w as significantly low er than that in C0.1 and C0. 25 groups（ P〈0. 05）,the activities of superoxide dismutase（ SOD） and phenoloxidase（ PO） in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group w ere significantly higher than those in M2.5 and C0.1 groups（ P〈0. 05）,and the content of malondialdehyde（ MDA） in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group w as significantly low er than that in C0.1 and C0.25 groups（ P0.05）. In the hepatopancreas,the content of MDA in C0.1＋M2.5 group was significantly lower than that in C0.1 group（ P〈0.05）,and the activities of AKP,PO,SOD and lysozyme（ LZM） in C0.25 ＋M2.5 group w ere low er than those in C0.1 ＋M2.5 group,but the content of MDA w as higher inversely. 3） Shrimps w ere challenged by Vibrio harveyi for the next 7 days,the cumulative mortality rate in C0. 1 ＋ M2.5 and C0. 25 ＋M2.5 groups w as significantly low er than that in C0 and M2. 5 groups（ P〈0. 05）. It can be concluded that adding a certain amount of COS and/or MA in diets can do good to the grow th,nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei,the combined supplementations of COS and MA show better grow th,nonspecific immunity and disease resistance than single supplementation of COS and MA,and the combined supplementation of 100 mg/kg COS and 2 500 mg/kg MA under this experimental condition show s the better effect.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第11期4036-4047,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
深圳市战略性新兴产业发展专项(SWCYL20150331010019)
广东省科技计划项目(2015A020209170)
渔港建设和渔业产业发展专项(A201608C06)
关键词
壳寡糖
霉菌毒素吸附剂
凡纳滨对虾
生长性能
非特异性免疫力
抗病力
chitosan oligosaccharide
mycotoxin adsorbent
Litopenaeus vannamei
growth performance
nonspecific immunity
disease resistance
