摘要
文章以山西省古村落煤转旅个案现场为调研对象,以经济转型理论为基础,对山西省晋城市阳城县和沁水县的6个古村落进行质性分析,探索乡村集体经济以工业为主转向以服务业为主的过程中,促进其转型的影响因素及其动态演化规律。通过对经济转型的相关研究进行梳理,从多角度构建乡村集体经济转型不同阶段影响因素的理论框架;借助质性分析软件Nvivo11,对6个古村落实地文本数据进行扎根分析,探索乡村煤转旅不同阶段的影响因素。研究发现,乡村集体经济转型过程中,关键影响因素存在着动态演化的特征:转型起步阶段,集体资产和资源基础、基层组织自治水平、人力资本因素影响较强;进入转型发展阶段,社会资本因素和政府支持力度成为古村落可否跨越发展瓶颈期的关键;成熟阶段,成立合作型集体旅游企业,借助企业的市场化导向推力,加强社区网络建设,重建地区文化价值体系,进而提升古村落的自我发展能力,促进集体经济成功转型。研究结果回应了经济转型理论中促使经济变迁的关键因素在古村落煤转旅实践中的作用,古村落资源的集体产权性质、乡村亟待重建的意识形态、国家治理效率目标下的村社自组织创新是古村落集体经济转型成功的重要理论维度。
China is in a critical period of economic restructuring, which is generally occurring at three levels： the national level （macro perspective）, the regional level, and the enterprise level （micro perspective）. From a macro perspective, China＇ s economic development is spatially imbalanced, meaning that the basis for transformation in the regions is very different. Most of the central and western regions are based on resource dependence, and economic transformation is difficult. At the regional level, the great difference between urban and rural areas means that the development of the rural economy in the central and western regions faces a lack of labor, a lack of funding, and institutional constraints. The collective economy is not well prepared for an era in which there is a move toward the service industry. In Shanxi Province in recent years, under the policy of ＂coal transfer,＂ the rural collectives have responded positively to the government＇ s call, especially the village collectives, where the traditional villages are located. The tourism industry has become the primary goal of economic transformation. The term ＂rural collective economy＂ refers to building on the basis of the means of production collectives and implementing the traditional community-based collective economy, that is, collective unified management and the unified allocation of the products of labor. Its organizational support is the rural collective economy. The transformation of the rural collective economy affects the allocation of resources and the mode of economic development. It also means industrial transformation, based on the reallocation of the means of production, itself based on collective economic development, and a change to the system of collective economic property rights and organizational form. The key factors influencing the transformation of the rural collective economy and its evolutionary path can be identified as a powerful theoretical support for the transformation of the rural collective economy and the sustainable development of traditional village tourism. This case study, based on the transition from the coal industry to the tourism industry in ancient villages in Shanxi Province, selected six ancient villages in Yangcheng, Qinshui, Jincheng city, using the methods of theoretical research and field research to explore the influencing factors and dynamic evolutionary law of rural collective economic transformation from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. By combing related research on economic transformation, the study constructs the logical model of the factors influencing rural collective economic transformation from multiple perspectives; by means of the qualitative analysis software Nvivoll, a grounded analysis of the text data of six ancient villages explores the influencing factors at the different stages of collective economic transformation. This paper reaches the conclusion that during the process of transformation, the key influencing factors have the characteristic of a dynamic evolution. In the early stage of the transformation, the key factors include the collective assets and resources and the level of autonomy of the collective organization. In the developing stage of the transformation, social capital factors and government support form a bottleneck for the ancient villages across the key period of transformation of the village collective economy. In the mature stage of transformation, the establishment of the collective tourist enterprise plays an important role, with the market-oriented thrust of enterprises strengthening the construction of the community network and reconstructing the value system of the region＇ s culture, thereby enhancing the self-development capacity of the traditional villages and promoting collective economic restructuring. This paper provides a theoretical reference and countermeasures for the transformation of the ancient villages＇ collective economy.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第11期69-80,共12页
Tourism Tribune
关键词
经济转型
影响因素
演化路径
质性分析
economic transition
influencing factor
evolutionary path
qualitative analysis
