摘要
With ever-increasing market competition and advances in technology, more and more countries are prioritizing advanced manufacturing technology as their top priority for economic growth. Germany announced the Industry 4.0 strategy in 2013. The US government launched the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership （AMP） in 2011 and the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation （NNMI） in 2014. Most recently, the Manufacturing USA initiative was officially rolled out to further ＂leverage existing resources... to nurture manufacturing innovation and accelerate commercialization＂ by fostering close collaboration between industry, academia, and government partners. In 2015, the Chinese government officially published a 10- year plan and roadmap toward manufacturing： Made in China 2025. In all these national initiatives, the core technology development and implementation is in the area of advanced manufacturing systems. A new manufacturing paradigm is emerging, which can be characterized by two unique features： integrated manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This trend is in line with the progress of industrial revolutions, in which higher efficiency in production systems is being continuously pursued. To this end, 10 major technologies can be identified for the new manufacturing paradigm. This paper describes the rationales and needs for integrated and intelligent manufacturing （i2M） systems. Related technologies from different fields are also described. In particular, key technological enablers, such as the Intemet of Things and Services （IoTS）, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, and cloud computing are discussed. Challenges are addressed with applica- tions that are based on commercially available platforms such as General Electric （GE）＇s Predix and PTC＇s ThingWorx.
随着市场竞争的日益激烈和技术的进步,越来越多的国家把先进制造技术摆在促进经济增长的首要位置。德国于2013年公布"工业4.0"战略。美国政府于2011年推出"先进制造业伙伴关系"(AMP)计划,又于2014年推出"国家制造业创新网络"(NNMI)计划。最近,美国正式推出"美国制造业"计划,该计划通过加强工业界、学术界和政府伙伴间的密切合作,进一步有效"利用现有资源……培育制造业创新能力并加速商业化进程"。2015年,中国政府正式发布《中国制造2025》这一面向制造业的十年规划和路线图。在所有的国家计划中,核心技术的发展都集中应用于先进制造系统领域。一种新的制造模式正在兴起,其具备两个独特的特征:集成化制造和智能制造。这一趋势符合工业革命的发展进程,而在此进程中人们不断追求更高效率的生产系统。为此,人们为新的制造模式划定了10项主要技术。本文介绍了集成化智能制造(i^2M)系统的基本原理和需求,同时也介绍了来自不同领域的相关技术。值得一提的是,本文还讨论了物联网和服务(Io TS)、信息物理系统(CPS)和云计算等关键的技术推动力量。通用电气(GE)的Predix和美国参数技术公司(PTC)的Thing Worx等商用平台的应用所面临的挑战也得到了有效应对。
