摘要
本研究旨在通过对激活后增强效应(PAP)相关研究的综述,厘清PAP背后的生理学机制,阐明影响PAP的关键因素,以期进一步探讨诱发PAP的最佳策略,为我国教练员更好的应用PAP提供参考。研究发现,PAP的机制主要有肌球蛋白调节轻链的磷酸化、神经系统动员高阶运动单位数量增加和肌肉收缩时羽状角的改变。影响PAP的因素包括年龄和性别、肌纤维类型、肌肉长度、训练状态、力量水平以及肌肉激活形式等。其中年龄与PAP呈"倒U型"关系;不同性别之间,男性PAP优于女性;训练水平和力量水平越高,PAP越强烈。目前采用的激活形式主要有静力性最大自主收缩练习和复合性训练。PAP虽然会受到诸多因素的影响,但通过选择针对不同运动员最合理的诱导练习形式,掌握好PAP与疲劳的平衡依然可以最大程度的激活PAP。
This present study reviews relevant studies on postactivation potentiation （PAP） , aiming to clarify the physiological mechanism of PAP, and elucidate the key factors that influence PAP in the hope of exploring the best strategy to induce PAP and providing some reference for the application of PAP. It was found that the mechanism of PAP mainly includes phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, increase of high level motor units in nerve system mobilization and change of pinnation angle at time of muscle contraction. Factors affecting the PAP effect include age and sex, muscle fiber types, muscle length, training status, strength level and muscle activation form, etc. Among them, age is in an reverse ＂U＂ shape relationship with PAP; PAP of male is higher than that of female for Type II muscle fibre in male is higher than that in female ; the higher the training level and the strength level, the stronger the PAP effect ; the current form of PAP activation mainly includes static MVC practice and complex training. Although PAP is affected by many factors, it is still possible to activate PAP to the full extent by choosing the most appropriate induction practice for different athletes and maintaining a balance between between PAP and fatigue.
出处
《成都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期58-64,共7页
Journal of Chengdu Sport University
基金
清华大学自主科研计划重点项目"高水平短跑运动员速度耐力训练模式的应用研究"(2015THZWD04)
关键词
激活后增强效应
爆发力
复合性训练
超等长训练
骨骼肌
postactivation potentiation
explosive power
complex training
plyometric exercise
skeletal muscle
