摘要
从子产到韩非子,先秦法家学说完成了从"救世"理论到"治世"理论的蜕变过程。"救世"之说,乃是西周以降以"礼乐刑政"为核心观念的"王道政治"的权宜补充。"治世"之说挑战王道政治观念,形成了先秦法家独具特色的政治正当性理论。法家学说从历时视域与共时视域两个层面构建其政治正当性理论。历时视域中的法家政治正当性,强调政治正当性之获得在于洞察人们最为关切的时代主题,并且通过有效的途径与手段来回应人们的关切,最终得到人们发自内心的拥戴。共时视域中的法家政治正当性,强调"以力服人"、"以利服人"与"以理服人",主张回归到政治最为坚实的初衷是为了天下百姓的利益,获得正当性的最终源泉在于获得百姓心悦诚服的拥护。法家的政治正当性理论是一套完整的"治世"理论,是独立于儒家"王道政治"并谋求长治久安的治国原理,并非儒家学说主导下只能应对"乱世"的学说,司马谈"可行于一时之际而不可长用也"的断语不足以定性法家学说。今日研究法家,应该超越历史的成见与偏见,超越法家特定历史背景下的具体学说,深入挖掘其背后蕴涵的深刻政治原理。
From Zichan to Hanfei,the Pre-Qin Legalists achieved transformation from their theory of＂rescuing＂to＂administrating＂the world.The rescuing theory is an expedient complement to the＂benevolent politics＂based on ＂rites-music and punishment-governance＂as the kernel ideology ever since the West Zhou Dynasty.The administrating theory aims to challenge the benevolent politics and formed peculiar characteristic of their political legitimacy.Legalists constructs their political legitimacy theory from both the diachronic and synchronic perspectives.The political legitimacy in the diachronic respect emphasizes the way of obtaining the legitimacy,that is,to observe the major theme of the times with which people were concerned.It also pays attention to the ways and means to respond to their concern so as to win their sincere support.The synchronic perspective argues for a principle that is able to satisfy people＇s interests by proper policies.This is a complete theory that aims to achieve sustainable administrative effect,which is indeed not what the Confucian theory conducted to think that it should only be workable for treating turbulent times.Today,we should abandon historical bias and prejudices and account for its profound political principles that lie behind for our uses.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期68-85,共18页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
中国人民大学科学研究基金"明德青年学者计划"项目"韩非子思想的当代价值研究"(第2期)(13XNJ012)
关键词
法家
韩非
政治正当性
救世
治世
Legalist
Hanfei
political legitimacy
rescuing the world
administrating the world
