摘要
文章基于多源数据分析中国0~5岁学龄前儿童家庭照料安排状况及主要特征。不同来源的数据都反映出家庭的儿童照料赤字过大、母亲照料负担过重、母职与父职关系失衡、祖辈的替代照料比重高等特点。这些现实问题不仅直接影响到儿童的健康成长、女性的就业与发展、家庭的生活质量,同时也会影响到全面两孩政策的落实。导致这些问题的一个关键原因是缺乏对儿童照料安排的制度支持,尤其是3岁以下正规照料供给的严重短缺。"工作—家庭"平衡已经成为一种普遍的、刚性的社会需求。从宏观上看,儿童照料是人口再生产得以实现的必要条件。从家庭政策的视角,应该加强对儿童照料的支持,包括加大陪产假和育儿假的力度,大力发展针对3岁以下幼儿的正式照料服务,帮助和支持照料者对工作—家庭责任的兼顾。
Based on multiple survey data, the paper analyzes the situations and charaderistics of family care arrangements for children aged O-S in China. Conduded by different organizations between 2010- 2014, the multiple surveys show high childcare deficits, heavy burdens of mothers, imbalanced responsibility between motherhood and fatherhood, and a high proportion of childcare by grandpar- ents. These problems not only directly affect the healthy growth of children, women＇s employment and development, and the quality of family life, but also affect the implementation of the two-child policy. One of the key reasons of these problems is the lack of institutional support for childcare, particularly the shortage of formal care for children under age 3. ＂ Work-family＂ balance has become a universal and rigid social needs. From a macro point of view, childcare is a necessary condition for population repro- duction. From the perspective of family policy, it is necessary to extend the paternity leave and parental leave, to develop formal care agencies for children aged 0 ~ 3, and to promote the balance of work- family for childcare givers.
出处
《人口研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期71-83,共13页
Population Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目<中国当代家庭代际关系功能及其福利效应研究>(17ARK004)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目<中国家庭转变研究>(16JJD840013)资助
