摘要
迄今为止,许多教学系统旨在对学习者完成问题解决型任务提供支持。人们通常是依据教学设计模型来设计这些教学系统,在问题解决的过程中有效地促进学习者的发展。不过,也有许多理论将失败视作一种引发学习的策略。虽然研究者认为失败可能是解决问题的一个要素,但是没有开发出如何在教学设计中策略地运用失败的模型。有鉴于此,本文首先讨论了各种理论框架对"失败"所做的研究。在此基础上,我们提出了基于失败的学习系统设计原则,同时还讨论了研究的启示和后续的方向。
To date,many instructional systems are designed to support learners as they progress through a problem-solving task.Often these systems are designed in accordance with instructional design models that progress the learner efficiently through the problem-solving process.However,theories from various fields have discussed failure as a strategic way to engender learning.Although researchers suggest that failure may be an element of problem-solving,no models have discussed how to employ failure strategically within instructional design.Given this gap,we first present failure-based research from various theoretical frameworks.Based on the research,we proffer failure-based principles for learning systems design.Implications and future research are also discussed.
出处
《数字教育》
2017年第6期84-92,共9页
Digital Education
基金
教育部2016年度人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"学习科学视域下教学设计理论发展研究--促进高阶能力的学习环境设计"(16YJA880033)
关键词
失败
问题解决
统一理论
教学设计
基于案例的推理
合理失败
Failure
Problem-solving
Unified theory
Instructional design
Case-based reasoning
Productive failure
