摘要
在环境承载力接近极限,传统要素投入边际效益骤降的情况下,中国工业依靠技术创新实现绿色转型与发展,已成为我国工业未来发展的重要方向。然而,各类工业行业的特征与异质性,使得不同方式的技术创新表现出不同的效果,如何根据工业行业的特征选择有效的技术创新方式是进一步研究技术创新驱动工业绿色发展的关键性问题。本文采用SBM-DDF方法测算了我国32个工业行业的绿色全要素生产率,并基于行业异质性实证分析了自主创新、技术引进、政府支持三种创新方式在工业行业绿色转型中的作用效果。研究发现:在考虑了能源投入与污染物排放非期望产出后,行业间的绿色全要素生产率表现出了明显的绿色差异性。传统高投入、高污染、高耗能型的工业行业其绿色全要素生产率明显低于绿色特征明显的工业行业。废弃资源综合利用业,文教、体育和娱乐用品制造业等绿色"无烟"产业,以及专用设备制造业、医药制造业等技术密集型产业绿色全要素生产率排名靠前。2009年是我国工业绿色转型的重要跳跃期。在技术创新方式选择上,自主创新与政府支持是资源密集型工业行业实现绿色转型的关键方式;对于劳动密集型工业行业,技术引进则是实现绿色转型的最优路径;对于技术密集型工业行业,自主创新仍是推动该行业实现绿色发展的首要驱动力。此外,我国当前的环境规制已在资源密集型工业行业中率先发挥创新补偿效应;提高工业行业的总体规模与产业集中度也有利于工业行业的绿色转型。
Under the pressure that the environmental carrying capacity is close to the limit and the decrease of marginal benefit of traditional factor input,the green transformation and development of Chinese industry relying on technological innovation has become an important direction for future development. However,the characteristics and heterogeneity of various types of industries make different ways of technological innovation to show different effects. How to choose effective technological innovation according to industrial characteristics is a key problem to further study industry green development driven by technological innovation. In this paper,SBMDDF method is used to calculate the whole green factor productivity of 32 industrial sectors in China,and the effect of independent innovation,technology introduction and government support on the green industry transformation is analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. After taking into account energy output and undesirable output of pollutant emissions,this study finds that green total factor productivity among the industry has showed significant green differences. The green total factor productivity of traditional industrial sector with high input,high pollution and high energy consumption is significantly lower than the industries with apparent green characteristics. The green total factor productivity of green smokeless industries such as comprehensive utilization of waste resources, culture and education, sports and recreational products manufacturing industries as well as special equipment manufacturing,pharmaceutical manufacturing and other technology-intensive industries are in the top. The year 2009 is an important period of industrial green transition in China. In the choice of technological innovation method,independent innovation and government support are the key ways to realize the green transformation of resource-intensive industries. For the labor-intensive industry,the introduction of technology is the best way to realize green transformation. For the technology-intensive industry,independent innovation is still the primary driving force to promote the industry to achieve green development. In addition,China's current environmental regulation has taken the lead to play a role in the innovation compensation effect of resource-intensive industry. The improvement of overall size of the industry and industrial concentration is also conducive to the green transformation of industrial sectors.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期196-206,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"中国经济绿色发展的评价体系
实现路径与政策研究"(批准号:71333001)
北京技术市场管理办公室软科学研究项目"北京技术市场与区域产业经济发展关系研究"
关键词
工业绿色转型
绿色全要素生产率
行业异质性
创新方式
industrial green transformation
green total factor productivity
industrial heterogeneity
innovative approach
