摘要
【目的】以四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区社区为例,研究砍伐后林地两种恢复方式(草坡和落叶松林)对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响。【方法】野外手拣法采集大型土壤动物,采用Shannon-wiener多样性指数H'、Pielou均匀性指数J、Simpson优势度指数C、Margalef丰富度指数D及密度-类群指数DG描述大型土壤动物群落结构特征,采用SPSS 16.0对数据进行分析。【结果】共捕获大型土壤动物1 471只,隶属38个类群,线虫(Nemata)动物和蚁科(Formicidae)昆虫为优势类群。其中自草坡捕获的大型土壤动物1 108只,隶属于34个类群,线虫、蚁科和隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)为该生境优势类群;自落叶松林捕获的大型土壤动物仅363只,隶属于17个类群,线虫、蚁科和蟠马陆总目(Oniscomorpha)为落叶松林优势类群;林地两种恢复方式下,共有大型土壤动物13个类群。大型土壤动物群落结构特征研究结果显示,草坡和落叶松林两种生境下,仅Pielou均匀度指数J差异不显著(P=0.871),而草坡大型土壤动物类群数、个体数量、Margalef丰富度指数D、Shannon-wiener指数H'及密度-类群指数DG均显著高于落叶松林的(P<0.001;P=0.027;P<0.001;P=0.008;P=0.011),落叶松林的Simpson优势度指数C显著高于草坡的(P=0.039),表明草坡大型土壤动物群落结构较复杂且稳定。土壤动物垂直结构分析表明,两种恢复方式下,大型土壤动物类群数和个体数量均呈现表聚现象。两种恢复方式下,大型土壤动物群落的相似度较低,为中等不相似。【结论】两种恢复方式下,草坡有利于土壤动物分布,落叶松林导致土壤动物群落多样性降低。因此,人工恢复植被时应避免单一的针叶树种,应种植适合的多种植物。
【Objective】An experiment was conducted in Xiaozhaizigou National Nature Reserve of Sichuan to compare soil macrofauna community structure in two forest types(grass slope and larch forest).【Method】Soil macrofauna was collected with method of hand picking.The community structure characteristic of soil macrofauna was evaluated by Shannon-wiener index(H'),Pielou index(J),Simpson index(C),Margalef index(D) and DG index(DG) and data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.【Results】A total of 1 471 soil macrofauna individuals was collected,which belonged to 38 groups.Nemata and Formicidae were two dominant groups.Among them,1 108 soil macrofauna individuals from grass slope were collected,belonged to 34 groups.Nemata,Formicidae and Staphylinidae were dominant groups in this habitat.While 363 individuals,belonged to 17 groups,from larch forest were collected.Nemata,Formicidae and Oniscomorpha were dominant groups in the larch forest.Thirteen groups of soil macrofauna were found in both restoration types.Groups,individuals,Margalef index(D),Shannon-wiener index(H') and DG index of soil macrofauna form grass slope were significantly higher than those of larch forest(P<0.001;P=0.027;P<0.001;P=0.008;P=0.011).However,simpson index(C) of soil macrofauna form larch forest was higher than that of grass slope(P=0.039).No differences in Pielou index(J) were ovserved between two habitats(P =0.871).Therefore,soil macrofauna community structure of grass slope was more complex and stable than that of larch forest.Surface aggregation phenomenon was found in soil macrofauna in the vertical distribution under two types of forest restoration.The similarity of soil macrofauna community structure was low.【Conclusion】Under two types of forest restoration,grass lope was beneficial to soil macrofauna distribution while larch forest resulted in low diversity of soil macrofauna.Therefore,multiple plants should be considered and single coniferous forest should be avoided through artificial restoration forest process.
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期555-561,共7页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
四川小寨沟国家级自然保护区土壤动物群落研究(HX201603)
绵阳师范学院项目(2012A15
QD2013A06)
