摘要
为探索旱直播条件下施氮量对不同粳稻品种抗倒性及产量的影响,试验以沈稻528、沈稻305和沈稻529为试材,研究了4个施氮肥水平(0kg·hm^(-2),120kg·hm^(-2),150kg·hm^(-2),180kg·hm^(-2))下2个倒伏敏感时期(齐穗后25d和40d)旱直播粳稻的力学性状、茎秆物理性状、穗型因子与抗倒伏性的关系,结果表明:在无氮区,直立穗型品种沈稻528的倒伏指数在齐穗后40d最小,半直立穗型品种沈稻305倒伏指数在两个时期均为最大值,半直立穗型品种沈稻529倒伏指数在齐穗后25d最小,增施氮肥后,随着施氮量的增加茎秆的节间长增加而节间粗减小,抗折力显著下降而倒伏指数显著升高,且齐穗后40d的倒伏指数高于25d。沈稻528的倒伏性状受穗型因子影响很小,沈稻305和沈稻529的穗茎角随施氮量的增加显著增加。随着施氮量的增加产量先增加后下降,在150kg·hm^(-2)水平下的产量最高,单位面积有效穗数随着施氮量的增加先增加后下降,与产量表现一致,单位面积有效穗数决定水稻产量的高低。因此,提高茎秆的抗折力是提高水稻抗倒性的重要途径,通过选择抗折力大的品种同时适当的施用氮肥增加单位面积的有效穗数来提高旱直播粳稻的产量。
In order to explore the effect of nitrogen application on lodging resistance and yields of different japonica rice cultivars under drill seeding, the japonica rice cultivars Shendao 528, Shendao 305 and Shendao 529 were used as the entries to study the relationships between the mechanic features, physical traits of the internodes, the panicle type and the lodging resistance at the 25 d and 40 d after full heading. The results showed that at 0 kg·hm^-2 level of nitrogen application, the lodging index of erect panicle type cultivar Shendao 528 was the smallest on 40 d, the lodging index of semi-erect panicle cultivars Shendao 305 was the largest and the lodging index of the semi-erect panicle cultivar shendao 529 was the smallest on 25 d.After application of nitrogen fertilizer, the internode length increased and the cross-sectional area decreased; the breaking resistance decreased significantly and the lodging index increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. The lodging index on 40 d after full heading was higher than that on 25 d. The resistance of erect panicle type cultivar Shendao 528 was affected by panicle type factor slightly, and the neck-panicle angle of Shendao 305 and Shendao 529 increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the yield was the highest at 150 kg·hm^-2 level. The effective panicle per unit area increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, being consistent with yield performance, so the effective panicle number per unit area determines the yield of rice. Therefore, increasing the breaking resistance of stem is an important way to improve the lodging resistance of rice, and the yield of drill seeding japonica rice is improved by selecting varieties with high breaking resistance and increasing the effective panicle per unit area to increase the yield with the proper nitrogen application rate.
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期647-653,共7页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划课题粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2016YFD0300104)
关键词
旱直播
粳稻
施氮量
抗折力
倒伏指数
产量
japonica rice
drill seeding
nitrogen application rate
breaking resistance
lodging index
yield
