摘要
天文馆起源于20世纪20年代的德国,德国的天文馆文化可谓历史悠久。本文首先详细介绍天文馆在德国的发明与创建,随后对德国现有的66座公共天文馆的地理分布、穹顶规模、建立年代、内部设施和外观特征等进行总结和分析。结果表明,这些天文馆在德国的地理分布较为均匀,其中穹顶直径6~10 m的中小型天文馆数量最多,而在创建年代方面,建于20世纪60年代和80年代的天文馆的数量占了总数的一半以上。蔡司公司生产的天象仪在德国的覆盖率很高。无论独立式还是从属式运营的天文馆,均通过互联网提供相关信息,很多天文馆可以在线订票,并列出最近播放的节目内容和时间表,为参观者提供了极大的方便。天文馆节目分讲解型和放映型,并区分不同年龄段,缺点是内容较为浅显,不适合具有一定天文基础的高阶天文爱好者,与报刊杂志等媒体相比,内容更新率明显不足,缺乏对当前天文研究前沿的及时跟进。
The world bears witness to its first planetarium originated in Germany in the 1920 s. Germany has therefore a long history for the interaction between planetariums and people's social and cultural life. The paper firstly expounds on the history of the development of planetariums in Germany,followed by summarizing and analyzing the current public planetariums there in line with their geographical distribution,dome size,time of construction, equipment and architectural features,etc. The results show that they have a relatively homogeneous geographical distribution. Planetariums with 6~10 m dome diameter are the most common ones,while over 50% of them were constructed in the 1960 s and 1980 s. Zeiss projectors have a high market share in Germany. Both the independent and the attached planetariums have information-rich websites. Many of them provide online ticket reservation and program lists which are quite convenient for visitors. The programs are divided into instruction-based and video-based ones. There are also different levels for visitors of different ages. The main disadvantages,however,are a lack of content for high-level amateurs,as well as a lack of highly updated frequency. The latter will make it difficult for the visitors to keep abreast of what is happening in the area of the astronomical research in a short and timely manner.
出处
《科普研究》
北大核心
2017年第6期96-103,共8页
Studies on Science Popularization
关键词
天文馆
德国
天文普及
planetarium
Germany
popularization of astronomy
