摘要
针对气吸式棉花精密排种器输气管路结构复杂、能耗大以及排种单体只能实现单行播种等问题,采用阵列吸孔吸种、侧向气吹清种等方式,设计了一种气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器,确定了该排种器关键零部件的结构参数,建立了充种过程的力学模型。以棉花种子为播种对象,以滚筒转速、吸孔直径、气室负压为影响因子,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为排种性能指标,进行二次旋转正交组合试验,建立各影响因子与排种性能指标之间的回归模型,分析了各因子对排种性能的影响规律。采用多目标优化方法,确定最佳参数组合:滚筒转速为15.5 r/min,吸孔直径为3.5 mm,气室负压为4.2 k Pa,此时排种器的合格指数为93.5%、漏播指数为2.0%、重播指数为4.5%。经试验验证,试验结果与优化结果基本一致,满足棉花精密播种的要求。在此基础上进行了排种适应性试验,试验对象为几何特性存在一定差异的新陆早48号、新陆早52号、新陆早60号3种棉花种子,结果表明:合格指数均大于92%,漏播指数均小于3%,重播指数均小于5%,说明该排种器对不同品种的棉花种子具有一定的排种适应性。
Xinjiang is the largest production base of quality cotton and commodity cotton in China.Sowing is one of the most important links which affects the development of cotton industry. In order to improve the precision and efficiency of seed-metering device for cotton,a pneumatic cylinder array precision metering device for cotton was designed,which combined the features of array suction and pneumatic clearing with side direction. The working principle and component of precision seeder were introduced,the key structure parameters were determined,and the mechanical model of single cotton seed during the air-suction filling process was established. In test,cotton seed Xinluzao 48 was selected as experimental material. Based on pre-experiments,the cylinder speed,hole diameter and vacuum pressure were taken as main impact factors,the quality of feed index,miss index and multiple index were taken as response indices,and the second orthogonal rotation combination test was executed,which used the Design-Expert software. The regression models were established,and effects of various factors on the performance indices were analyzed. The research gained the best combination of the parameters by using multi-objective optimization,which was as follows： the cylinder speed was 15. 5 r/min,the hole diameter was 3. 5 mm,and vacuum pressure was 4. 2 k Pa. Under the condition of the optimal combination parameters,the quality of feed index,miss index and multiple index were 93. 5%,2. 0% and 4. 5%,respectively. According to optimization parameter combination,the verification test was repeated five times,the results showed that the experimental results were basically consistent with the optimization results,and the sowing quality satisfied the requirements of precision sowing for cotton. The sowing adaptability experiment was carried out under the same conditions with three cotton seeds（ Xinluzao 48,Xinluzao 52 and Xinluzao 60）,whose overall dimension existed some differences from each other. All thequalities of feed index were more than 92%,all the miss indices were less than 3%,and all the multiple indices were less than 5%,indicating that when planting different cotton seeds,the precision seeder had certain adaptability to different varieties of cotton seeds. The study provided a theoretical reference for the design of pneumatic cylinder precision seed-metering device for cotton.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期58-67,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51265045)
石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZX201308)
新疆维吾尔自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2016048)
关键词
棉花
排种器
气吸滚筒
阵列式
cotton
seed-metering device
pneumatic cylinder
array
