摘要
以扁穗雀麦的9个新品系和2个国审品种为供试材料,采用方差分析方法,估算了21个数量性状的有关遗传参数,并结合性状间相关性分析和聚类分析对扁穗雀麦育种时的选择效果和育种潜力进行了评价。结果显示:达到显著水平的17个性状中14个性状广义遗传力处于极高水平,依次为单株干重、旗叶叶鞘长、旗叶宽、初级分枝数、倒二叶宽、茎粗、单株种子产量、株高、小穗数等,3个性状广义遗传力处于中等水平或中高水平,其中倒二叶长最低,其次为第1节间长。株高、倒二叶叶鞘长、旗叶宽、倒二叶宽、茎粗、分蘖数、花序数、小穗数、初级分枝数、单株干重和单株种子产量表现出较高的遗传进度,第1节间长、旗叶叶鞘长和小花数为中等,旗叶长和花序节数较低。此外,新品系在单株产量相关性状上总体优于两个国审品种,主要特征为植株高,叶片宽,茎秆粗壮,基部第1节间较短,分蘖数多,单株干重和种子产量高等特点。第1组(新品系组)内,BCS1103的株高和单株产草量最高,分蘖数较多;BCS1106的叶片最宽,分蘖数、圆锥花序数和小穗数最多,单株产草量和单株种子产量最高;BCS1109的基部第1节间,叶鞘最长,叶片最窄,茎秆最细,初级分枝数最多。第2组内,黔南比江夏表现出更优异的产草相关性状。综合试验结果认为,在注重产草量对扁穗雀麦进行选择时,株高、旗叶宽、分蘖数、倒二叶宽、茎粗和花序数的可靠性较大,选择效果较好。在注重种子产量进行选择时,分蘖数、花序数、单株生物量和株高的可靠性较大,效果较好。另外,本试验中的新品系与供试品种相比,在产草性状和种子生产性状方面均占有明显优势,具有选育出牧草新品种的潜力。
To estimate the selection effect and breeding potential of Bromus catharticus,21 quantitative traits of9 new strains and 2 varieties were used to calculate phenotypic coefficients of variation,genetic coefficient of variation,heritability and genetic improvement using analysis of variance,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Analysis of variance showed that 17 traits reached significant among 11 accessions.Among them,14 traits had a very high level of heritability;ranked(high to low)were dry matter yield,flag leaf sheath length,first leaf width,number of primary branches per panicle,penultimate leaf width,stem diameter,seed yield per plant,plant height and total number of flowers per panicle.The remaining 3 traits had medium or medium high heritability.Genetic analysis revealed that 11 traits had a high level of genetic improvement,including plant height,penultimate leaf sheath length,first leaf width,penultimate leaf width,stem diameter,tiller number,number of panicles per plant,spikelet number,number of primary branches per panicle,dry matter yield and seed yield per plant.Three traits,first internode length,flag leaf sheath length and number of florets per spikelet showed medium level of genetic improvement while flag leaf length and number of nodes per panicle showed low rates of improvement.Performance of the 9 new strains was generally better than the existing varieties,particularly in yield related traits including plant height,leaf size,stalk diameter,basal internode length,shoot number,dry matter yield and seed yield.Among the new strains,BCS1103 had the greatest plant height,dry matter yield and shoot numbers;BCS1106 possessed wide leaves,high shoot,panicle and spikelet numbers per plant,and high dry matter and seed yield;BCS1109 possessed the long basal internodes and leaf sheath,narrow leaves,thin stem,and high primary branche numbers.In the second group,B.catharticus cv.Qiannan showed better performances than B.catharticus cv.Jiangxia in yield related traits.We suggest that plant height,flag leaf width,tiller number,penultimate leaf width,stem diameter and number of panicles per plant are the most reliable traits when considering grass yield.When focusing on the grain yield,traits like tiller number,number of panicles per plant,dry matter yield and plant height might be more reliable and effective.The new prairie grass strains are likely to be released as new varieties due to their excellent performance.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期131-141,共11页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
四川省科技厅饲草育种攻关(2016NYZ0039)
四川省肉牛产业体系创新团队(2017NYCY1702)资助
关键词
扁穗雀麦
数量性状
广义遗传力
遗传进度
Bromus catharticus
quantitative traits
heritability
genetic advance
