摘要
利用自主分离的寡雄腐霉生防菌株(Pythium oligandrum CQ2010)制备固体菌剂(P.oligandrum agent,POA),通过培养、拮抗试验和田间试验,研究其对辣椒疫病的防治,以及对辣椒生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,P.oligandrum CQ2010能大量分泌纤维素酶、蛋白酶、β–1,3–葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶,前三者在固体培养基上的水解圈直径接近或超过菌落直径,POA提取液显著抑制辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长,抑菌率处于化学药剂精甲霜锰锌和双炔酰菌胺之间。在辣椒田间疫病防治试验中,移栽时将POA基施于辣椒根系周围,显著降低辣椒疫霉病的发病率和病情指数,POA的防效和疗效分别为89.37%和61.19%,防效大于疗效。施用POA之后,辣椒开花期和结果期均比常规施肥提早6?9 d,植株生物量增加32.03%,氮、磷、钾吸收量分别提高35.74%、40.53%和53.23%,果实增产25.21%。此外,POA改善辣椒果实品质,提高可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和维生素C含量,而硝酸盐含量无显著变化。结论:P.oligandrum CQ2010能分泌水解病原真菌细胞壁的酶类,其提取液可以抑制辣椒疫霉生长,田间施用能够降低辣椒疫病的发病率和病情指数,促进植株生长,增加养分吸收,提高产量品质。因此,POA有广阔的运用前景,适合大规模生产运用。
In order to use Pythium oligandrum,develop safe,nontoxic and high-efficient biological agent and control Phytophthora disease in pepper cultivation. P. oligandrum CQ2010,a self-isolated biocontrol strain,was used to produce biological agent（P. oligandrum agent,POA）and then the effects of POA on Phytophthora disease control and growth-promotion were investigated through culture,antagonism,and field experiments. P. oligandrum CQ2010 secreted cellulase,protease,β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase. The hydrolysis circle diameters of the former three enzima were about or over than colonies on solid culture media. The extract of POA significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and the inhibitory rate was higher than metalaxyl Mancozeb and lower than Mandipropamid. In field experiment,the addition of POA into the soil around the roots of pepper seedlings significantly decreased the disease incidence and index of Phytophthora disease. POA showed a better preventive effect than the curative,which were 89.37% and 61.19%,respectively. Pepper plants applied POA bloomed and fruited 6–9 days earlier than the control（without POA）. In addition,POA application increased plant biomass by 32.03%,nutrient absorption by 35.74%（N）,40.53%（P）and 53.23%（K）,and fruit yield by 25.21%. Concomitantly, fruit quality was improved due to higher soluble proteins, free amino acids, soluble sugars,and vitamin C but similar content of nitrate compared to the control. P. oligandrum CQ2010 effused enzymes that hydrolyze the cell walls of pathogenic fungi. The extract of POA inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici. POA application decreased the disease incidence and index of pepper Phytophthora,promoted plant growth and development,increased fruit yields,and improved fruit quality. Therefore,POA has a broad application prospect and will be suitable for mass production.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第12期2327-2337,共11页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
国家科技部"973"计划项目(2013CB127405)
重庆市科技重点项目(cstc2013yykf B80011)
关键词
辣椒
寡雄腐霉
疫霉
促生
生物防治
pepper
Pythium oligandrum
Phytophthora capsici
growth promoting
biological control
