摘要
提出了将添加剂的洗消作用融入消防水幕的设想,以无机盐和表面活性剂作为对氨气洗消的增效添加剂,从含添加剂水幕对氨气的洗消效果、洗消后的产物、洗消剂溶液的腐蚀性等多方面出发,研究了多种添加剂的性能。针对受限空间内氨气泄漏,模拟真实泄漏场景。针对受限空间内氨气泄漏,对含FeCl_3、AlCl_3、MgCl_2及表面活性剂的消防水幕和纯水幕洗消氨气的效果及机理开展了对比试验。结果表明:无机盐添加剂的加入可以促进水幕对氨气的化学洗消作用,有效改善水幕对氨气的洗消效果,在纯水幕物理吸收、空气卷吸和物理阻挡的基础上增加了化学吸收洗消作用;在相同浓度条件下,无机盐洗消效率从大到小依次为FeCl_3、AlCl_3、MgCl_2,高价位的无机盐比低价位的洗消效率要好。表面活性剂的加入可以改善添加剂溶液的表面性能,降低添加剂溶液的表面张力,增大添加剂水幕与氨气的接触面积,进一步促进含无机盐添加剂水幕对氨气的物理和化学洗消效果。对无机盐添加剂的腐蚀性进行了测试,结果表明,FeCl_3、AlCl_3、MgCl_2均为弱酸性,在使用过程中对系统及周围设施的腐蚀性很小。采用X射线衍射仪对含无机盐添加剂的水幕洗消氨气产生的洗消产物的种类和性质进行了分析,结果表明,洗消产物主要是氯化铵和氢氧化物,不会对环境造成二次污染。
This paper takes it as its goal to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of additives through a series of experiments to find the decontamination effects of the water curtain with inorganic salts on the release of ammonia. Based on the decontamination effect of the water curtain additives on the ammonia,we have simulated the real leakage accidents from the point of view of the ammonia release in the confined space by using the decontaminating product and the corrosion resistance to the additives. In so doing,we have done the comparative tests between the pure water curtain and the water curtain with the following three inorganic salts,that is,Fe Cl3,Al Cl3 and Mg Cl2 and the surfactants in view of the release of ammonia in the said confined space. The results of our simulated tests show that the inorganic salts can promote the chemical decontamination effect of the water curtain on ammonia. On the basis of the physical absorption,the air entrainment and the physical block of the water curtain,it can be found that the additives play stimulating role for the chemical absorption. For example,at the same concentration content,the decontamination efficiencies of the three aforementioned single inorganic salts have been found equal to Fe Cl3Al Cl3 Mg Cl2. It has also been found that the addition of the surfactants can improve the surface properties of the solution,reduce the surface tension,increase the contact area of the water curtain and ammonia,as well as promote the physical and chemical effect of the water curtain efficiently,in case that they contain inorganic salt additives. Furthermore,the causticity of the organic additives has been tested with the results revealing that all the three inorganic salts（ Fe Cl3,Al Cl3 and Mg Cl2） may have slight corrosive effect on the surrounding facilities. When the type and nature of water curtain decontamination products were tested by using the X-ray diffraction and analyzed,the decontamination products have been mainly consisting of chloride and hydroxide,which won＇t bring any environmental secondary pollution.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第6期2200-2205,共6页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK2012425)
教育部博士点基金项目(20113221120010)
江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(09KJA620001)
关键词
安全工程
氨气
消防水幕
添加剂
表面活性剂
洗消效率
safety engineering
ammonia
water curtain
additives
surfactant
decontamination efficiency
