摘要
殷商玉器文化非常发达,将其与石家河文化玉器进行对比观察,发现二者在玉器制造技术、纹饰与造型等方面均极为相似,如采用青铜工具加工,采用阳起减地或弯曲线条阴刻技法,习见饕餮神目与夔纹、扉棱,常见龙、凤、虎、蚕或蝉、立鹰等造型。这些相似性说明二者系同出于一源,石家河文化应是殷商玉质礼器文化最重要和直接的源头。在此基础上,原来被称为"柄形器"的玉器,实际上宜改称为"祖形器",即后世所谓祖先牌位。这一文化传统亦肇始于石家河文化晚期,经商文明发展成为关键礼器,而后传至后世并续用至今。这种考察为理解夏商文化源头及时空关系提供了例证。
Yin-Shang Jade culture is very developed.In order to understand its origin and context this article compared it with the Shijiahe cultural jade ware.Authors found the two are very similar in the jade manufacture technology,decoration patterns and modeling.For instance,with bronze tools,both cultures share the same technique of chiseling away of the background and the bas relief or bending the lines of fine engraved,the usual eyes of Taotie,Kui-dragon pattern,ridge（Fei-leng）.The shape is commonly a dragon,bird,tiger,silkworm or cicada,standing eagle,etc.These similarities indicate that the two are of the same origin.The culture of Shijiahe must be the most important and direct source of the culture of the Yin-Shang Jade ritual objects.On this basis,the article further discusses jade type that was formerly known ashandle shaped ware ＂（bing-xing-qi）and should actually be renamedLingam symbols＂（zu-xing-qi,symbolizing ancestors：we chose to use this name because of a similarity to lingam in Hinduism）.This cultural tradition also originated in the late Shijiahe culture.Along with the development of the Shang civilization it became the key ritual objects,and in such form,it was passed down to next generation until today.The foregoing observation provides an example for understanding the source of Xia and Shang cultures and the relationship between time and space.
出处
《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期93-99,共7页
Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）
基金
中山大学重大项目和前沿新兴交叉学科培育资助计划"从稻作萌生到国家文明的起源"(17wkjz07)阶段性成果
关键词
石家河
殷商
玉器
祖形器
Shijiahe Culture
Yin-Shang
jade
Lingam symbols
