摘要
基于"国家语委现代汉语通用平衡语料库",采用Biber多特征方法,利用Em Edito、ROST Pre Lang、SPSS等软件,可以对小说和传记语体的63项语言特征进行量化对比,并结合情境特征对二者的语言特征共性和差异进行功能解释。结果显示,小说和传记在51项语言特征上差异显著;作为文学语体的下位分支,二者使用的高频词与汉语高频词表有极高的重合度,不存在专属其语体的特殊词汇;其超用词、罕用词与词型覆盖率之间的关系也都符合一般语体所呈现出的基本规律。相同的渠道和生成环境使小说和传记都具有书面文本的语言规范性,而话题、场景、参与者间关系和交际目的的不同,则导致二者在上下文依赖、书面化、互动性、介入性和情感特征等方面差异明显,并通过五十多项语言特征的频次差异来加以呈现。
Based on the Modern Chinese General Balance Corpus（developed by the National Language Committee）,using Biber multi-feature approach and Em Edito,ROST Pre Lang,and SPSS software,this paper has made a quantitative comparison of 63 language features between fiction and biographies,and has given functional explanations in connection with their situation characteristics.The result reveals： there are significant differences in 51 linguistic features between fiction and biographies; as two lower branches of literature registers,the 20 top high-frequency words used in these two registers are highly overlapped with the Chinese highfrequency words list,and there is no special vocabulary dedicated to these two registers; the relationship among top high-frequency words,rare words and the coverage of the word types also conforms to the basic rules presented in general registers.The same channel and production environment result in standard language used both in fiction and biographies; while different topics,scenes,relations of participants and purpose of communication lead to the differences in situation-dependent,written styles,interactions,involvement and emotions,and these five dimensions differences have been presented by the frequency differences of more than 50 language features in these two registers.
出处
《江汉学术》
2018年第1期120-128,共9页
JIANGHAN ACADEMIC
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"汉语语体多维度
多特征计量研究"(13CYY038)
中国传媒大学科研培育项目"基于语料库的现代汉语语体计量研究"(CUC13B06)
中国传媒大学"优秀中青年教师培养工程(第二层次)"项目(YXJS201510)
关键词
语体
小说
传记
语体特征
语料库
registers
fiction
biographies
linguistic features
corpus
